表达式目录树
表达式目录树：语法树，或者说是一种数据结构
1.表达式目录树Expression：System.Linq.Expressions;
2.描述了多个变量或者和常量之间的关系，按照一定的规则进行组装！
- 可以向委托一样使用lambd表达式快捷声明；
- 不能有语句体，声明只能有一行代码；
- 可以通过Compile()，编译成一个委托；
Func<int, int, int> func = (m, n) =>
{
int i = 0;
return m * n + 2;
}; //委托 拉姆达表达式其实是作为委托的一个参数,本质是一个方法（匿名方法）
Expression<Func<int, int, int>> exp = (m, n) => m * n + 2; //数据结构--就像对一个计算做了一个精确的描述，展开之后发现，分为左边，右边，每个元素都可以把值都获取出来，二叉树
var erpPlu= exp.Compile();//表达式目录树可以通过compile 转换成一个委托
//表达式目录树：语法树，或者说是一种数据结构
int iResult1 = func.Invoke(12, 23);
int iResult2 = exp.Compile().Invoke(12, 23);
表达式目录树的拼装
手动拼装表达式目录树，不是用的lambda的快捷方式
//表达式目录树的拼装
Expression<Func<int>> expression = () => 123 + 234; //两个常量相加-----表达式目录树的快捷声明
Expression constant123 = Expression.Constant(123);
Expression constant234 = Expression.Constant(234);
Expression expressionAdd = Expression.Add(constant123, constant234);
var exp = Expression.Lambda<Func<int>>(expressionAdd);
var func = exp.Compile();
int iResult = func.Invoke();
Expression<Func<int, int, int>> exp = (m, n) => m * n + m + n + 2; //快捷声明--其实编译器提供的便捷功能---语法糖--具体实现可通过反编译工具查看
//具体实现可通过反编译工具查看
ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "m");
ParameterExpression parameterExpression2 = Expression.Parameter(typeof(int), "n");
Expression expContant2 = Expression.Constant(2, typeof(int));
Expression multipley = Expression.Multiply(parameterExpression, parameterExpression2);
Expression expAdd = Expression.Add(multipley, parameterExpression);
Expression expAdd1 = Expression.Add(expAdd, parameterExpression2);
Expression expAdd2 = Expression.Add(expAdd1, expContant2);
Expression<Func<int, int, int>> expression = Expression.Lambda<Func<int, int, int>>(expAdd2, new ParameterExpression[]
{
parameterExpression,
parameterExpression2
});
Func<int, int, int> fun = expression.Compile();
int iResult = fun.Invoke(10, 11);
var peopleQuery = new List<People>().AsQueryable();
Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => x.Id.ToString().Equals("5");
peopleQuery.Where(lambda);
ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(People), "x");
FieldInfo idfield = typeof(People).GetField("Id");
var idExp = Expression.Field(parameterExpression, idfield);
MethodInfo toString = typeof(int).GetMethod("ToString", new Type[0]);
var toStringExp = Expression.Call(idExp, toString, Array.Empty<Expression>());
var Equals = typeof(string).GetMethod("Equals", new Type[] { typeof(string) });
Expression expressionConstant5 = Expression.Constant("5", typeof(string));
var equalsExp = Expression.Call(toStringExp, Equals, new Expression[]
{
expressionConstant5
});
Expression<Func<People, bool>> expression = Expression.Lambda<Func<People, bool>>(equalsExp, new ParameterExpression[]
{
parameterExpression
});
Func<People, bool> func = expression.Compile();
var bResult = func.Invoke(new People()
{
Id = 5,
Name = "海贝"
});
new List<People>().AsQueryable().Where(expression);
应用
Linq to SQL
var dbSet = new List<People>().AsQueryable();//EF DbSet
dbSet.Where(p => p.Age == 25 & p.Name.Contains("阳光下的微笑"));
Expression<Func<People, bool>> exp = null;
Console.WriteLine("用户输入个名称，为空就跳过");
string name = Console.ReadLine();
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name))
{
exp = p => p.Name.Contains(name);
}
Console.WriteLine("用户输入个最小年纪，为空就跳过");
string age = Console.ReadLine();
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(age) && int.TryParse(age, out int iAge))
{
exp = p => p.Age > iAge;
}
上面的玩法是不是只有最后一个条件才生效？如果需要多个条件都满足；怎么办？ 当然是拼装啊；
拼装可以从最小粒度来组装表达式目录树；如果有一个封装，你把各种条件给我，我从最小粒度开始一个一个的拼装起来，不就是一个长的表达式目录树了吗？
解决方案：
调用方可以组装一个很长的表达式目录树传递过来；
表达式目录树传递过来以后，在这里应该做什么？应该解析；
所有信息都在表达式目录树里面，自然也可以把他解析（找出来）
解析就可以通过ExpressionVisitor解析----生成对应的Sql语句；
ExpressionVisitor
表达式目录树的访问者----访问者模式；
1.Visit方法–访问表达式目录树的入口—分辨是什么类型的表达式目录
2.调度到更加专业的方法中进一步访问,访问一遍之后，生成一个新的表达式目录 —有点像递归，不全是递归；
3.因为表达式目录树是个二叉树，ExpressionVisitor一直往下访问，一直到叶节点；那就访问了所有的节点；
4.在访问的任何一个环节，都可以拿到对应当前环节的内容(参数名称、参数值。。)，就可以进一步扩展；
为什么要使用表达式目录树来拼装解析呢：
1.可以提高重用性；
2.如果封装好一个方法，接受一个表达式目录树，在解析的时候，其实就是不断的访问，访问有规则；
3.任何一个表达式目录树都可以调用当前方法来解析；
4.表达式目录树可以支持泛型；
{
Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => x.Age > 5 && x.Id > 5
&& x.Name.StartsWith("1") // like '1%'
&& x.Name.EndsWith("1") // like '%1'
&& x.Name.Contains("1");// like '%1%'
//string sql = string.Format("Delete From [{0}] WHERE [Age]>5 AND [ID] >5"
, typeof(People).Name
, " [Age]>5 AND [ID] >5" );
ConditionBuilderVisitor vistor = new ConditionBuilderVisitor();
vistor.Visit(lambda);
Console.WriteLine(vistor.Condition());
}
{
// ((( [Age] > '5') AND( [Name] = [name] )) OR( [Id] > '5' ))
string name = "AAA";
Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => x.Age > 5 && x.Name == name || x.Id > 5;
ConditionBuilderVisitor vistor = new ConditionBuilderVisitor();
vistor.Visit(lambda);
Console.WriteLine(vistor.Condition());
}
{
Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => x.Age > 5 || (x.Name == "A" && x.Id > 5);
ConditionBuilderVisitor vistor = new ConditionBuilderVisitor();
vistor.Visit(lambda);
Console.WriteLine(vistor.Condition());
}
{
Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda = x => (x.Age > 5 || x.Name == "A") && x.Id > 5;
ConditionBuilderVisitor vistor = new ConditionBuilderVisitor();
vistor.Visit(lambda);
Console.WriteLine(vistor.Condition());
}
自己封装的解析器，这就是EF6的底层原理，根据表达式树自动生成相应的sql语句。
public class ConditionBuilderVisitor : ExpressionVisitor
{
private Stack<string> _StringStack = new Stack<string>();
public string Condition()
{
string condition = string.Concat(this._StringStack.ToArray());
this._StringStack.Clear();
return condition;
}
/// <summary>
/// 如果是二元表达式
/// </summary>
/// <param name="node"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
protected override Expression VisitBinary(BinaryExpression node)
{
if (node == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("BinaryExpression");
this._StringStack.Push(")");
base.Visit(node.Right);//解析右边
this._StringStack.Push(" " + node.NodeType.ToSqlOperator() + " ");
base.Visit(node.Left);//解析左边
this._StringStack.Push("(");
return node;
}
/// <summary>
/// 解析属性
/// </summary>
/// <param name="node"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
protected override Expression VisitMember(MemberExpression node)
{
if (node == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("MemberExpression");
//this._StringStack.Push(" [" + node.Member.Name + "] ");
return node;
if (node.Expression is ConstantExpression)
{
var value1 = this.InvokeValue(node);
var value2 = this.ReflectionValue(node);
//this.ConditionStack.Push($"'{value1}'");
this._StringStack.Push("'" + value2 + "'");
}
else
{
this._StringStack.Push(" [" + node.Member.Name + "] ");
}
return node;
}
private object InvokeValue(MemberExpression member)
{
var objExp = Expression.Convert(member, typeof(object));//struct需要
return Expression.Lambda<Func<object>>(objExp).Compile().Invoke();
}
private object ReflectionValue(MemberExpression member)
{
var obj = (member.Expression as ConstantExpression).Value;
return (member.Member as FieldInfo).GetValue(obj);
}
/// <summary>
/// 常量表达式
/// </summary>
/// <param name="node"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
protected override Expression VisitConstant(ConstantExpression node)
{
if (node == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("ConstantExpression");
this._StringStack.Push(" '" + node.Value + "' ");
return node;
}
/// <summary>
/// 方法表达式
/// </summary>
/// <param name="m"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression m)
{
if (m == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("MethodCallExpression");
string format;
switch (m.Method.Name)
{
case "StartsWith":
format = "({0} LIKE {1}+'%')";
break;
case "Contains":
format = "({0} LIKE '%'+{1}+'%')";
break;
case "EndsWith":
format = "({0} LIKE '%'+{1})";
break;
default:
throw new NotSupportedException(m.NodeType + " is not supported!");
}
this.Visit(m.Object);
this.Visit(m.Arguments[0]);
string right = this._StringStack.Pop();
string left = this._StringStack.Pop();
this._StringStack.Push(String.Format(format, left, right));
return m;
}
}
internal static class SqlOperator
{
internal static string ToSqlOperator(this ExpressionType type)
{
switch (type)
{
case (ExpressionType.AndAlso):
case (ExpressionType.And):
return "AND";
case (ExpressionType.OrElse):
case (ExpressionType.Or):
return "OR";
case (ExpressionType.Not):
return "NOT";
case (ExpressionType.NotEqual):
return "<>";
case ExpressionType.GreaterThan:
return ">";
case ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual:
return ">=";
case ExpressionType.LessThan:
return "<";
case ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual:
return "<=";
case (ExpressionType.Equal):
return "=";
default:
throw new Exception("不支持该方法");
}
}
}
表达式目录扩展
表达式目录树动态拼接的实现方式：
/// <summary>
/// 合并表达式 And Or Not扩展
/// </summary>
public static class ExpressionExtend
{
/// <summary>
/// 合并表达式 expr1 AND expr2
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="expr1"></param>
/// <param name="expr2"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> And<T>(this Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr1, Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr2)
{
//return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(Expression.AndAlso(expr1.Body, expr2.Body), expr1.Parameters); 错误的写法，两个表达式不是同一个参数
//将两个表达式的参数统一为参数c
ParameterExpression newParameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "c");
NewExpressionVisitor visitor = new NewExpressionVisitor(newParameter);
var left = visitor.Replace(expr1.Body);
var right = visitor.Replace(expr2.Body); //为了能够生成一个新的表达式目录树
var body = Expression.And(left, right);
return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(body, newParameter);
}
/// <summary>
/// 合并表达式 expr1 or expr2
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="expr1"></param>
/// <param name="expr2"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> Or<T>(this Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr1, Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr2)
{
ParameterExpression newParameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "c");
NewExpressionVisitor visitor = new NewExpressionVisitor(newParameter);
var left = visitor.Replace(expr1.Body);
var right = visitor.Replace(expr2.Body);
var body = Expression.Or(left, right);
return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(body, newParameter);
}
public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> Not<T>(this Expression<Func<T, bool>> expr)
{
var candidateExpr = expr.Parameters[0];
var body = Expression.Not(expr.Body);
return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(body, candidateExpr);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 建立新表达式
/// </summary>
internal class NewExpressionVisitor : ExpressionVisitor
{
public ParameterExpression _NewParameter { get; private set; }
public NewExpressionVisitor(ParameterExpression param)
{
this._NewParameter = param;
}
public Expression Replace(Expression exp)
{
return this.Visit(exp);
}
protected override Expression VisitParameter(ParameterExpression node)
{
return this._NewParameter;
}
}
调用方如下：
{
Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda1 = x => x.Age > 5;
Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda2 = x => x.Id > 5;
//Expression<Func<People, bool>> newExpress = x => x.Age > 5 && x.Id > 5;
Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda3 = lambda1.And(lambda2); //且
Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda4 = lambda1.Or(lambda2);//或
Expression<Func<People, bool>> lambda5 = lambda1.Not();//非
Do1(lambda3);
Do1(lambda4);
Do1(lambda5);
}
private static void Do1(Expression<Func<People, bool>> func)
{
List<People> people = new List<People>()
{
new People(){Id=4,Name="123",Age=4},
new People(){Id=5,Name="234",Age=5},
new People(){Id=6,Name="345",Age=6},
};
List<People> peopleList = people.Where(func.Compile()).ToList();
}
对象深拷贝
硬编码
PeopleCopy peopleCopy = new PeopleCopy()
{
Id = people.Id,
Name = people.Name,
Age = people.Age
};
通过反射实现
public class ReflectionMapper
{
/// <summary>
/// 反射
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TIn"></typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TOut"></typeparam>
/// <param name="tIn"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static TOut Trans<TIn, TOut>(TIn tIn)
{
TOut tOut = Activator.CreateInstance<TOut>();
foreach (var itemOut in tOut.GetType().GetProperties())
{
var propIn = tIn.GetType().GetProperty(itemOut.Name);
itemOut.SetValue(tOut, propIn.GetValue(tIn));
}
foreach (var itemOut in tOut.GetType().GetFields())
{
var fieldIn = tIn.GetType().GetField(itemOut.Name);
itemOut.SetValue(tOut, fieldIn.GetValue(tIn));
}
return tOut;
}
}
通过序列化实现
/// <summary>
/// 使用第三方序列化反序列化工具
/// 还有automapper
/// </summary>
public class SerializeMapper
{
/// <summary>
/// 序列化反序列化方式
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TIn"></typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TOut"></typeparam>
public static TOut Trans<TIn, TOut>(TIn tIn)
{
return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<TOut>(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(tIn));
}
}
反射和序列化两种实现方式性能不太好；
通过表达式目录树实现
通过表达式目录树动态的生成硬编码
Func<People, PeopleCopy> func = p => new PeopleCopy()
{
Id = p.Id,
Name = p.Name,
Age = p.Age
};
PeopleCopy peopleCopy3 = func.Invoke(people);
方法一：普通缓存
/// <summary>
/// 生成表达式目录树 缓存
/// </summary>
public class ExpressionMapper
{
/// <summary>
/// 字典缓存--hash分布
/// </summary>
private static Dictionary<string, object> _Dic = new Dictionary<string, object>();
/// <summary>
/// 字典缓存表达式树
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TIn"></typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TOut"></typeparam>
/// <param name="tIn"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static TOut Trans<TIn, TOut>(TIn tIn)
{
string key = string.Format("funckey_{0}_{1}", typeof(TIn).FullName, typeof(TOut).FullName);
if (!_Dic.ContainsKey(key))
{
ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TIn), "p");
List<MemberBinding> memberBindingList = new List<MemberBinding>();
foreach (var item in typeof(TOut).GetProperties())
{
MemberExpression property = Expression.Property(parameterExpression, typeof(TIn).GetProperty(item.Name));
MemberBinding memberBinding = Expression.Bind(item, property);
memberBindingList.Add(memberBinding);
}
foreach (var item in typeof(TOut).GetFields())
{
MemberExpression property = Expression.Field(parameterExpression, typeof(TIn).GetField(item.Name));
MemberBinding memberBinding = Expression.Bind(item, property);
memberBindingList.Add(memberBinding);
}
MemberInitExpression memberInitExpression = Expression.MemberInit(Expression.New(typeof(TOut)), memberBindingList.ToArray());
Expression<Func<TIn, TOut>> lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<TIn, TOut>>(memberInitExpression, new ParameterExpression[]
{
parameterExpression
});
Func<TIn, TOut> func = lambda.Compile();//拼装是一次性的
_Dic[key] = func;
}
return ((Func<TIn, TOut>)_Dic[key]).Invoke(tIn);
}
}
方法二：泛型缓存，性能较高
/// <summary>
/// 生成表达式目录树 泛型缓存
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TIn"></typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="TOut"></typeparam>
public class ExpressionGenericMapper<TIn, TOut>//Mapper`2
{
private static Func<TIn, TOut> _FUNC = null;
static ExpressionGenericMapper()
{
ParameterExpression parameterExpression = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TIn), "p");
List<MemberBinding> memberBindingList = new List<MemberBinding>();
foreach (var item in typeof(TOut).GetProperties())
{
MemberExpression property = Expression.Property(parameterExpression, typeof(TIn).GetProperty(item.Name));
MemberBinding memberBinding = Expression.Bind(item, property);
memberBindingList.Add(memberBinding);
}
foreach (var item in typeof(TOut).GetFields())
{
MemberExpression property = Expression.Field(parameterExpression, typeof(TIn).GetField(item.Name));
MemberBinding memberBinding = Expression.Bind(item, property);
memberBindingList.Add(memberBinding);
}
MemberInitExpression memberInitExpression = Expression.MemberInit(Expression.New(typeof(TOut)), memberBindingList.ToArray());
Expression<Func<TIn, TOut>> lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<TIn, TOut>>(memberInitExpression, new ParameterExpression[]
{
parameterExpression
});
_FUNC = lambda.Compile();//拼装是一次性的
}
public static TOut Trans(TIn t)
{
return _FUNC(t);
}
}
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