前言:日常开发中我们常用ThreadPoolExecutor提供的线程池服务帮我们管理线程,在Springboot中更是提供了@Async注解来简化业务逻辑提交到线程池中执行的过程。由于Springboot中默认设置的corePoolSize=1和queyeCapacity=Integer.MAX_VALUE,相当于采用单线程处理所有任务,这就与多线程的目的背道而驰,所以这就要求我们在使用@Async注解时要配置线程池。本文就讲述下Springboot应用下的线程池配置。
背景知识:Springboot中通过使用ThreadPoolTaskExecutor这个JavaBean对象的corePoolSize(核心线程数)、maxPoolSize(最大线程数)、keepAliveSeconds(线程空闲时长)和queueCapacity(任务队列容量)属性来配置ThreadPoolExecutor,以上四个属性的作用大致如下:
新提交一个任务时的处理流程很明显:
- 如果当前线程池的线程数还没有达到基本大小(poolSize < corePoolSize),无论是否有空闲的线程新增一个线程处理新提交的任务;
- 如果当前线程池的线程数大于或等于基本大小(poolSize >= corePoolSize) 且任务队列未满时,就将新提交的任务提交到阻塞队列排队,等候处理workQueue.offer(command);
- 如果当前线程池的线程数大于或等于基本大小(poolSize >= corePoolSize) 且任务队列满时;
- 当前poolSize<maximumPoolSize,那么就新增线程来处理任务;
- 当前poolSize=maximumPoolSize,那么意味着线程池的处理能力已经达到了极限,此时需要拒绝新增加的任务。至于如何拒绝处理新增的任务,取决于线程池的饱和策略RejectedExecutionHandler。
好了,回到正文。目前配置Springboot线程池主要有两种方式:配置默认线程池和提供自定义线程池;毫无疑问,两种配置方式并无优劣。从使用角度来讲,由于自定义线程池是自定义即没有被Springboot默认使用的线程池,那么就需要通过@Async("自定义线程池bean对象名")的方式去使用,其它地方同默认线程池使用方式一致;下面通过一个简单的Springboot应用结合实际来展示:
1、新建一个Springboot项目,项目结构和pom.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.17.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.hugesoft</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-async</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1</version>
<name>springboot-async</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
二、application.yml中,自定义了线程池需要配置的四个属性,内容如下:
task:
pool:
corePoolSize: 10
maxPoolSize: 20
keepAliveSeconds: 300
queueCapacity: 50
三、在com.hugesoft.config包中有三个类:TaskThreadPoolConfig类用来简化封装application.yml配置的属性,OverrideDefaultThreadPoolConfig类提供了配置默认线程池的方式,CustomizeThreadPoolConfig类则实现了自定义线程池,具体实现如下:
package com.hugesoft.config.dto;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Data
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "task.pool")
public class TaskThreadPoolConfig {
private int corePoolSize;
private int maxPoolSize;
private int keepAliveSeconds;
private int queueCapacity;
}
package com.hugesoft.config;
import com.hugesoft.config.dto.TaskThreadPoolConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
@Slf4j
@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class OverrideDefaultThreadPoolConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {
@Autowired
private TaskThreadPoolConfig config;
@Override
public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
//核心线程池大小
executor.setCorePoolSize(config.getCorePoolSize());
//最大线程数
executor.setMaxPoolSize(config.getMaxPoolSize());
//队列容量
executor.setQueueCapacity(config.getQueueCapacity());
//活跃时间
executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(config.getKeepAliveSeconds());
//线程名字前缀
executor.setThreadNamePrefix("default-thread-");
executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
executor.initialize();
return executor;
}
@Override
public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
return (ex, method, params) -> {
log.error("==========================" + ex.getMessage() + "=======================", ex);
log.error("exception method:" + method.getName());
};
}
}
package com.hugesoft.config;
import com.hugesoft.config.dto.TaskThreadPoolConfig;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class CustomizeThreadPoolConfig {
@Autowired
private TaskThreadPoolConfig config;
@Bean("customizeThreadPool")
public Executor doConfigCustomizeThreadPool() {
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
//核心线程池大小
executor.setCorePoolSize(config.getCorePoolSize());
//最大线程数
executor.setMaxPoolSize(config.getMaxPoolSize());
//队列容量
executor.setQueueCapacity(config.getQueueCapacity());
//活跃时间
executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(config.getKeepAliveSeconds());
//线程名字前缀
executor.setThreadNamePrefix("customize-thread-");
executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
executor.initialize();
return executor;
}
}
四、com.hugesoft.service包下的内容是从真实项目环境中提取出来的,IStatusAnalyseService定义了设备状态分析基础Service,JJDeviceDataAnalyseManager,ZHUDeviceDataAnalyseManager,ZZDeviceDataAnalyseManager三个子类分别提供了默认实现,AbstractDeviceDataAnalyseManager提取了三个子类用到的公共方法,代码没难度,理解即可;需要尤其注意AbstractDeviceDataAnalyseManager的两个重载方法,分别采用默认线程池和自定义线程池的方式,注意使用的异同点,这点也就是默认线程池和自定义线程池适用上的唯一不同点。具体试下如下:
package com.hugesoft.service;
public interface IStatusAnalyseService {
void doStatusAnalyseHandle(String start, String end);
void doStatusAnalyseHandle(String end);
String getDataType();
}
package com.hugesoft.service.impl;
import com.hugesoft.service.IStatusAnalyseService;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import java.util.Random;
public abstract class AbstractDeviceDataAnalyseManager implements IStatusAnalyseService {
@Async("customizeThreadPool")
@Override
public void doStatusAnalyseHandle(String start, String end) {
int sleepSeconds = new Random().nextInt(3) + 1;
try {
Thread.sleep(sleepSeconds * 1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(getDataType() + "在自定义线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行了" + sleepSeconds + "秒");
}
@Async
@Override
public void doStatusAnalyseHandle(String end) {
int sleepSeconds = new Random().nextInt(3) + 1;
try {
Thread.sleep(sleepSeconds * 1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(getDataType() + "在默认线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行了" + sleepSeconds + "秒");
}
}
package com.hugesoft.service.impl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service("JJ")
public class JJDeviceDataAnalyseManager extends AbstractDeviceDataAnalyseManager {
@Override
public String getDataType() {
return "机加";
}
}
package com.hugesoft.service.impl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service("ZHU")
public class ZHUDeviceDataAnalyseManager extends AbstractDeviceDataAnalyseManager {
@Override
public String getDataType() {
return "铸造";
}
}
package com.hugesoft.service.impl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service("ZZ")
public class ZZDeviceDataAnalyseManager extends AbstractDeviceDataAnalyseManager {
@Override
public String getDataType() {
return "总装";
}
}
五、最后看一下Springboot启动类实现;该类既是启动类也是Controller类,没什么特别要说明的。
package com.hugesoft;
import com.hugesoft.service.IStatusAnalyseService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@EnableAsync
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootAsyncApplication {
@Autowired
private List<IStatusAnalyseService> statusAnalyseServiceList;
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringbootAsyncApplication.class, args);
}
@GetMapping("/sayHelloAsync")
public String sayHelloAsync() {
for (IStatusAnalyseService statusAnalyseService : statusAnalyseServiceList) {
// 采用自定义线程池
statusAnalyseService.doStatusAnalyseHandle(null, null);
// 采用默认线程池
statusAnalyseService.doStatusAnalyseHandle(null);
}
return "Hello, Async!";
}
}
六、最后启动main方法,通过浏览器地址栏访问 http://localhost:8080/sayHelloAsync,发现秒出现如下页面,且控制台会出现如下内容,说明我们配置的默认线程池和自定义线程池都起作用了,到此,配置成功
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