前言
Springcloud中的服务间调用是通过Feign进行调用的,在调用方服务中,我们需要定义一些带有@FeignClient注解的接口类。并且在启动类上加上@EnableFeignClients注解。
程序启动的时候,会检查是否有@EnableFeignClients注解,如果有该注解,则开启包扫描,扫描带有@FeignClient注解的接口。
这里结合之前遇到的一个问题来和大家一起学习下@EnableFeignClients启动过程。
问题描述
之前搭建一个简单demo的时候,启动之后总是报错
Field client1Feign in com.aiqinhai.client2.controller.Testrequired a bean of type
'com.aiqinhai.client2.feignclient.Client1Feign' that could not be found.
Action:
Consider defining a bean of type 'com.aiqinhai.client2.feignclient.Client1Feign' in your configuration.
Process finished with exit code 1
排查了一顿之后,发现启动上的@EnableFeignClients注解,没有指定basePackages包扫描路径。
而且Client1Feign接口不是和启动类在同一目录下,所以启动的时候就会报上述错误。
后来在@EnableFeignClients指定了扫描包路径就解决了。
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = {"com.aiqinhai.client2.feignclient"})
public class Client2Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Client2Application.class, args);
}
}
问题确实解决了,但是我们还是需要了解服务启动的时候,@EnableFeignClients注解干了哪些事。
刨根@EnableFeignClients
想了解清楚这个注解的作用,最好的方式就是看看注解的源码。点进去之后,可以看到
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Documented
@Import(FeignClientsRegistrar.class)
public @interface EnableFeignClients {
//同basePackages
String[] value() default {};
//扫描的package.
String[] basePackages() default {};
//feigin client全局配置,默认配置在FeignClientsConfiguration类中
Class<?>[] defaultConfiguration() default {};
//@FeignClient注解的接口,如果指定了该属性,则关闭扫描。
Class<?>[] clients() default {};
}
可以看到,注解中import了FeignClientsRegistrar类,我们进去看看,可以看到包扫描的逻辑就是在FeignClientsRegistrar中实现的,会扫描所有的.class文件,过滤出@FeignClient标注的接口,然后通过BeanDefinitionBuilder生成FeignClientFactoryBean对象,注入到IOC容器中。
具体代码如下
class FeignClientsRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar,
ResourceLoaderAware, EnvironmentAware {
//包扫描方法入口
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
//注册默认配置bean到ioc
registerDefaultConfiguration(metadata, registry);
//注册@FeignClients标注的接口bean,为其生成动态代理
registerFeignClients(metadata, registry);
}
private void registerDefaultConfiguration(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
//获取@EnableFeignClients注解属性
Map<String, Object> defaultAttrs = metadata
.getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName(), true);
if (defaultAttrs != null && defaultAttrs.containsKey("defaultConfiguration")) {
String name;
if (metadata.hasEnclosingClass()) {
name = "default." + metadata.getEnclosingClassName();
}
else {
name = "default." + metadata.getClassName();
}
//注册@EnableFeignClients defaultConfiguration 类中定义的bean到ioc
registerClientConfiguration(registry, name,
defaultAttrs.get("defaultConfiguration")); }
}
public void registerFeignClients(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
//spring 扫描工具类
ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider scanner = getScanner();
scanner.setResourceLoader(this.resourceLoader);
//待扫描的包
Set<String> basePackages;
//@EnableFeignClients注解属性
Map<String, Object> attrs = metadata
.getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName());
//@FeignClient注解过滤器,只扫描@FeignClient注解标注的接口
AnnotationTypeFilter annotationTypeFilter = new AnnotationTypeFilter(
FeignClient.class);
//解析@EnableFeignClient 属性clients
final Class<?>[] clients = attrs == null ? null
: (Class<?>[]) attrs.get("clients");
//如果@EnableFeignClient没有指定clients,则开启包扫描,否则关闭扫描,使用clients
if (clients == null || clients.length == 0) {
scanner.addIncludeFilter(annotationTypeFilter);
basePackages = getBasePackages(metadata);
}
else {
final Set<String> clientClasses = new HashSet<>();
basePackages = new HashSet<>();
for (Class<?> clazz : clients) {
basePackages.add(ClassUtils.getPackageName(clazz));
clientClasses.add(clazz.getCanonicalName());
}
AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter filter = new AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter() {
@Override
protected boolean match(ClassMetadata metadata) {
String cleaned = metadata.getClassName().replaceAll("\\$", ".");
return clientClasses.contains(cleaned);
}
};
scanner.addIncludeFilter(
new AllTypeFilter(Arrays.asList(filter, annotationTypeFilter)));
}
for (String basePackage : basePackages) {
//从类路径下的所有.class文件中扫描@FeignClient注解的接口
Set<BeanDefinition> candidateComponents = scanner
.findCandidateComponents(basePackage);
for (BeanDefinition candidateComponent : candidateComponents) {
if (candidateComponent instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
// verify annotated class is an interface
AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDefinition = (AnnotatedBeanDefinition) candidateComponent;
//获取注解
AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = beanDefinition.getMetadata();
//@FeignClient注解必须应用在接口上,否则抛出异常。
Assert.isTrue(annotationMetadata.isInterface(),
"@FeignClient can only be specified on an interface");
//获取FeignClient注解属性
Map<String, Object> attributes = annotationMetadata
.getAnnotationAttributes(
FeignClient.class.getCanonicalName());
//服务名称
String name = getClientName(attributes);
//注册configuration中指定的bean
registerClientConfiguration(registry, name,
attributes.get("configuration"));
//生成FeignClient bean,并注册到ioc
registerFeignClient(registry, annotationMetadata, attributes);
}
}
}
}
//生成bean,注入到IOC容器
private void registerFeignClient(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry,
AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
// feignclient类名称
String className = annotationMetadata.getClassName();
BeanDefinitionBuilder definition = BeanDefinitionBuilder
.genericBeanDefinition(FeignClientFactoryBean.class);
validate(attributes);
definition.addPropertyValue("url", getUrl(attributes));
definition.addPropertyValue("path", getPath(attributes));
String name = getName(attributes);
definition.addPropertyValue("name", name);
definition.addPropertyValue("type", className);
definition.addPropertyValue("decode404", attributes.get("decode404"));
definition.addPropertyValue("fallback", attributes.get("fallback"));
definition.addPropertyValue("fallbackFactory", attributes.get("fallbackFactory"));
definition.setAutowireMode(AbstractBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE);
String alias = name + "FeignClient";
AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = definition.getBeanDefinition();
boolean primary = (Boolean)attributes.get("primary"); // has a default, won't be null
beanDefinition.setPrimary(primary);
String qualifier = getQualifier(attributes);
if (StringUtils.hasText(qualifier)) {
alias = qualifier;
}
BeanDefinitionHolder holder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, className,
new String[] { alias });
//注册到ioc
BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(holder, registry);
}
}
@FeignClient 类,注入找不到类
原因:
@FeignClinet 和 @EnableFeignClients 不是同一个包。
可能因为springboot和springcloud的版本不一致造成的。
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持编程网。