实验3-1:配置和调试EIGRP
【实验目的】:
在本次实验中,你将安装增强的内部网关路由协议(EIGRP)和观察它的缺省行为。然后优化EIGRP配置。
在完成本次实验之后,你需要完成下列任务:
【实验目的】:
在本次实验中,你将安装增强的内部网关路由协议(EIGRP)和观察它的缺省行为。然后优化EIGRP配置。
在完成本次实验之后,你需要完成下列任务:
- 核心和其他机架使用EIGRP路由协议
- 理解EIGRP的查询数据包。
- 配置EIGRP路由汇总。
- 发布EIGRP缺省路由。
- 配置EIGRP存根特性去限制EIGRP查询范围。
【实验拓扑】:
注意:图中x为所在机架编号,y为路由器编号。
【实验帮助】:
如果出现任何问题,可以向在值的辅导老师提出并请求提供帮助。
如果出现任何问题,可以向在值的辅导老师提出并请求提供帮助。
【命令列表】:
命令 |
描述 |
#debug ip eigrp |
显示EIGRP的更新过程 |
(config-router)#eigrp stub |
指定那个路由器是一个EIGRP存根路由器 |
(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 1 10.x.0.0 255.255.0.0 |
在一个接口上创建和发布一个汇总路由。 |
(config-router)#network 10.x.0.0 0.0.255.255 |
指定在这个网络( |
(config-router)#no auto-summary |
在类的边界关闭自动汇总功能 |
(config)#router eigrp 1 |
打开EIGRP路由器议运行自治系统1 |
【任务一】:配置基本的EIGRP。
在这个任务中,你需要安装和观察这个EIGRP的行为。
实验之前,请确保你的路由器配置与下列类似:
在这个任务中,你需要安装和观察这个EIGRP的行为。
实验之前,请确保你的路由器配置与下列类似:
P1R1 或P1R2:
hostname P1R1
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address10.1.1 .1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
ip address 172.31.1.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay map ip 172.31.1.3 111 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
interface Serial1
ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0
clockrate 64000
!
no ip http server
ip classless
hostname P1R1
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address
!
interface Serial0
ip address 172.31.1.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay map ip 172.31.1.3 111 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
interface Serial1
ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0
clockrate 64000
!
no ip http server
ip classless
P1R3或P1R4:
hostname P1R3
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address10.1.1 .3 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
ip address 10.1.3.3 255.255.255.0
shutdown
clockrate 64000
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip http server
ip classless
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 30 0
logging synchronous
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
hostname P1R3
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address
!
interface Serial0
ip address 10.1.3.3 255.255.255.0
shutdown
clockrate 64000
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip http server
ip classless
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 30 0
logging synchronous
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
实验过程:
第一步:使用自治系统号1配置EIGRP在每一个路由器上。使用适当的网络和掩码值使所有的接口都运行EIGRP进程。在边界路由器上关闭自动汇总。
第二步:使用show ip protocols命令验证你的配置是否是正确的。确定所有路由器的自治系统号为1和所有领居交换路由是正常的。你的显示结果应该与下列类似:
P1R2#sh ip pro
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 1"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: eigrp 1
EIGRP NSF-aware route hold timer is 240s
Automatic network summarization is in effect
Automatic address summarization:
172.31.0.0/16 for Ethernet0, Serial1
Summarizing with metric 2169856
10.0.0 .0/8 for Serial0
Summarizing with metric 281600
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.1.0.0/16
172.31.1.0/24
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
(this router) 90 00:01:44
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.1.0.1 90 00:01:45
10.1.2.4 90 00:00:02
172.31.1.3 90 00:01:57
Distance: internal 90 external 170
第一步:使用自治系统号1配置EIGRP在每一个路由器上。使用适当的网络和掩码值使所有的接口都运行EIGRP进程。在边界路由器上关闭自动汇总。
第二步:使用show ip protocols命令验证你的配置是否是正确的。确定所有路由器的自治系统号为1和所有领居交换路由是正常的。你的显示结果应该与下列类似:
P1R2#sh ip pro
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 1"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: eigrp 1
EIGRP NSF-aware route hold timer is 240s
Automatic network summarization is in effect
Automatic address summarization:
172.31.0.0/16 for Ethernet0, Serial1
Summarizing with metric 2169856
Summarizing with metric 281600
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.1.0.0/16
172.31.1.0/24
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
(this router) 90 00:01:44
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.1.0.1 90 00:01:45
10.1.2.4 90 00:00:02
172.31.1.3 90 00:01:57
Distance: internal 90 external 170
P1R2#
第三步:在每一个路由器上验证EIGRP是接收了远程路由条目。你的显示应该如下列所示类似:
P1R2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.31.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 172.31.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0
10.0.0 .0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnets
D 10.1.3.0 [90/2195456] via 10.1.2 .4, 00:02:56, Ethernet0
C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
D 10.1.1.0 [90/2195456] via 10.1.0 .1, 00:02:53, Serial1
C 10.1.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1
D 10.254.0.0 [90/2195456] via 172.31.1.3, 00:02:25, Serial0
第四步:在内部路由器(PxR3和PxR4) 使用debug ip eigrp命令去监视EIGRP查询。
第五步:在边界路由器上关闭串行接口(The s0/1 interface on PxR1 and PxR2)。
C 172.31.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0
D 10.1.3.0 [90/2195456] vi
D 10.1.1.0 [90/2195456] vi
D 10.254.0.0 [90/2195456] via 172.31.1.3, 00:02:25, Serial0
第四步:在内部路由器(PxR3和PxR4) 使用debug ip eigrp命令去监视EIGRP查询。
第五步:在边界路由器上关闭串行接口(The s0/1 interface on PxR1 and PxR2)。
第六步:查看内部路由器上的EIGRP查询,你的显示应该与下列类似:
第七步:关闭所有的DEBUG命令。
第八步:在边界路由上激活串行接口(The s0/1 interface on PxR1 and PxR2)。
【任务二】:配置EIGRP核心扩展性
【任务二】:配置EIGRP核心扩展性
在这个任务中,你将配置EIGRP路由汇总。这个更改将进一步控制EIGRP的查询范围,最小化更新通信和最小化路由表增加EIGRP的扩展性和加速网络的收敛。
实验过程:
第一步:手动配置边界路由器(PxR1和PxR2)汇总路由条目10.x.0.0/16到EIGRP核心路由器BBR1(在这里x是你的机架编号)。
第二步:TELNET到BBR1(172.31.x.3)并验证BBR1仅收到了一条汇总没有,并没有详细路由条目。如果两个边界路由器是配置适当的,你应该能看到两条等价的有效连路BBR1。你的显示应该与下列类似:
BBR1>sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
BBR1>sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.31.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 172.31.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0
S 192.168.11.0/24 [1/0] via 172.31.1.2
10.0.0 .0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
D 10.1.0.0/16 [90/2195456] via 172.31.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial0
[90/2195456] via 172.31.1.1, 00:00:04, Serial0
C 10.254.0.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 172.31.1.1
C 172.31.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0
S 192.168.11.0/24 [1/0] via 172.31.1.2
D 10.1.0.0/16 [90/2195456] via 172.31.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial0
[90/2195456] via 172.31.1.1, 00:00:04, Serial
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 172.31.1.1
【任务三】:配置EIGRP根(STUB)
我们已经通过路由汇总优化了从边界路由器到达核心路由器BBR1的路由表,但是怎样限制从边界路由器到内部路由器的查询数据包呢?
实验过程:
我们已经通过路由汇总优化了从边界路由器到达核心路由器BBR1的路由表,但是怎样限制从边界路由器到内部路由器的查询数据包呢?
实验过程:
第一步: 使用eigrp stub connected summary命令配置内部路由器(PxR3和PxR4)为EIGRP根。记住查询范围并不对路由表产生影响。
第二步:验证边界路由器是否识别内部部由器是一个EIGRP根。你的显示输入应该如下列所示:
P1R2#sh ip eigrp nei de
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 1
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
010.1.2 .4 Et0 14 00:03:46 242 1452 0 69
Version 12.3/1.2, Retrans: 0, Retries: 0
Stub Peer Advertising ( CONNECTED SUMMARY ) Routes
Suppressing queries
1 10.1.0.1 Se1 12 00:04:10 34 204 0 87
Version 12.3/1.2, Retrans: 2, Retries: 0
2 172.31.1.3 Se0 128 00:03:34 44 264 0 34
Version 12.0/1.1, Retrans: 5, Retries: 0
P1R2#
P1R2#sh ip eigrp nei de
IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 1
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec) (ms) Cnt Num
0
Version 12.3/1.2, Retrans: 0, Retries: 0
Stub Peer Advertising ( CONNECTED SUMMARY ) Routes
Suppressing queries
1 10.1.0.1 Se1 12 00:04:10 34 204 0 87
Version 12.3/1.2, Retrans: 2, Retries: 0
2 172.31.1.3 Se0 128 00:03:34 44 264 0 34
Version 12.0/1.1, Retrans: 5, Retries: 0
P1R2#
第三步:这个根指出查询通信边界和帮助避免ISA(stuck in active)状态的发生,SIA是EIGRP长时期不能确认路由。为了演示这种情形,在内部路由器上使用debug ip eigrp命令。
第四步:关闭边界路由器的串行接口(PxR1和PxR2的s1口)。
第五步:与没有将内部路由器配置为根比较,这里没有查询传送到内部路由器。在配置内部路由器为EIGRP根后,你不应该看到比下列输出更多的调试信息。
P1R4#
02:41:32; IP – EIGRP: Processing incoming QUERY packet
P1R4#
02:41:32; IP – EIGRP: Processing incoming QUERY packet
第六步:重新打开边界路由器的串行接口。
第七步:关闭内部路由器的调试信息。(PxR3和PxR4)。
【任务四】:配置EIGRP缺省路由
在这个任务中,边界路由器将通过EIGRP发布一条缺省路由到内部路由器。这个更改将通过最小化路由更新和最小华路由表增加EIGRP的稳定性和收敛速度。
实验过程:
第一步: 从边界路由器发送一条缺省路由到内部路由器,同时你也应该过滤所有的详细路由。你可以在边界路由器上使用一条0.0.0 .0 0.0.0.0汇聚路由发送到内部路由器完成这个目的。
第一步: 从边界路由器发送一条缺省路由到内部路由器,同时你也应该过滤所有的详细路由。你可以在边界路由器上使用一条
第二步:检查内部路由器的路由表。你可以看到一条缺省路由和直连路由和EIGRP从其他内部路由器上学习到的路由,但是没有详细的路由条目。这些条目被过滤掉了。你的显示输入应该与下列类似:
P1R4#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
P1R4#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 10.1.2 .2 to network 0.0.0.0
C 10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Serial
D 10.1.1.0 [90/2195456] vi
D* 0.0.0.0/0 [90/307200] vi
P1R4#
【实验验证】:
成功完成整个实验,你需要完成下列任务:
- 你有成功的配置EIGRP和查看了查询数据包。
- 你有汇总路由到你的核心。
- 你有在内部路由器上执行优化。
【路由器配置】:
P1R1:
hostname P1R1
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address10.1.1 .1 255.255.255.0
ip summary-address eigrp 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 5
!
interface Serial0
ip address 172.31.1.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
ip summary-address eigrp 1 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 5
frame-relay map ip 172.31.1.3 111 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
interface Serial1
ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0
clockrate 64000
!
router eigrp 1
network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
network 172.31.1.0 0.0.0.255
no auto-summary
!
no ip http server
ip classless
!
!
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
!
!
End
hostname P1R1
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address
ip summary-address eigrp 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 5
!
interface Serial0
ip address 172.31.1.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
ip summary-address eigrp 1 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 5
frame-relay map ip 172.31.1.3 111 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
interface Serial1
ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0
clockrate 64000
!
router eigrp 1
network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
network 172.31.1.0 0.0.0.255
no auto-summary
!
no ip http server
ip classless
!
!
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
!
!
End
P1R2:
hostname P1R2
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address10.1.2 .2 255.255.255.0
ip summary-address eigrp 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 5
!
interface Serial0
ip address 172.31.1.2 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
ip summary-address eigrp 1 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 5
frame-relay map ip 172.31.1.3 112 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
interface Serial1
ip address 10.1.0.2 255.255.255.0
!
router eigrp 1
network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
network 172.31.1.0 0.0.0.255
no auto-summary
!
no ip http server
ip classless
!
!
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 30 0
logging synchronous
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
!
!
End
hostname P1R2
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address
ip summary-address eigrp 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 5
!
interface Serial0
ip address 172.31.1.2 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
ip summary-address eigrp 1 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 5
frame-relay map ip 172.31.1.3 112 broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp
!
interface Serial1
ip address 10.1.0.2 255.255.255.0
!
router eigrp 1
network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
network 172.31.1.0 0.0.0.255
no auto-summary
!
no ip http server
ip classless
!
!
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 30 0
logging synchronous
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
!
!
End
P1R3:
hostname P1R3
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address10.1.1 .3 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
ip address 10.1.3.3 255.255.255.0
clockrate 64000
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
shutdown
!
router eigrp 1
network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
auto-summary
eigrp stub connected summary
!
no ip http server
ip classless
!
!
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 30 0
logging synchronous
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
End
hostname P1R3
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address
!
interface Serial0
ip address 10.1.3.3 255.255.255.0
clockrate 64000
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
shutdown
!
router eigrp 1
network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
auto-summary
eigrp stub connected summary
!
no ip http server
ip classless
!
!
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 30 0
logging synchronous
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
End
P1R4:
hostname P1R4
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address10.1.2 .4 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
ip address 10.1.3.4 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
!
router eigrp 1
network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
auto-summary
eigrp stub connected summary
!
no ip http server
ip classless
!
!
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
!
!
end
hostname P1R4
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain lookup
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address
!
interface Serial0
ip address 10.1.3.4 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
!
router eigrp 1
network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
auto-summary
eigrp stub connected summary
!
no ip http server
ip classless
!
!
!
!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
logging synchronous
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
!
!
end