Applies to:
Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition - Version: 8.1.7.4 to 11.2.0.2.0 - Release: 8.1.7 to 11.2
Generic UNIX
当检查oracle实例后台进程不存在这时启动启动数据库报错:
ORA-01081: "cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first"
造成此种原因是
Orphaned shared memory segments and semaphores did not get cleared properly
from the last instance shutdown.
在oracle实例最后一次shutdown时，某一个孤立的共享内存段和信号没有被清理干净
解决方法
可以利用ipcs来找出共享内存段或者信号，利用ipcrm来手动清除
orphaned shared memory segments（孤立的共享内存段） 和semaphores（信号量）
[root@rac01 ~]# ipcs -a
------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status
0x4e44b264 557069 oracle 640 287309824 25
0xd06e774c 524302 oracle 640 132120576 16
------ Semaphore Arrays --------
key semid owner perms nsems
0x000000a7 0 root 600 1
0x2e7fd0cc 131073 oracle 640 44
0x334b5294 262146 oracle 640 154
[root@rac01 ~]# ipcs -m
------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status
0x4e44b264 557069 oracle 640 287309824 25
0xd06e774c 524302 oracle 640 132120576 16
ipcs： 检查分配的共享内存
ipcrm：手动释放共享内存段
取得ipc信息：
ipcs [-m|-q|-s]
-m 输出有关共享内存(shared memory)的信息
-q 输出有关信息队列(message queue)的信息
-s 输出有关“信号量”(semaphore)的信息
-a 使用所有打印选项. (针对 -b, -c, -o, -p, and -t的速记符)
Example:
ipcrm -m shmid 号 - for shared memory
ipcrm -s semid 号 - for semaphores
OR
Shutdown all the instances belonging to the user. Next, run "ipcs -b" to find the remaining IPC
facilities, owned by the same user, and remove them. However, if you're running multiple production
instances, this may not be acceptable.
在多实例的情况下
1. 运行
ipcs -a > /tmp/ipcs_before.out
2. 用 SQL*Plus 连接所有实例做一个简单的查询
select * from dual;
3. 再次运行
ipcs -a > /tmp/ipcs_after.out
4. 对比 "/tmp/ipcs_before.out" 与 "/tmp/ipcs_after.out" 文件
查找 LPID 没有改变的共享内存段
These are the orphaned shared memory segments you are looking for:
LPID 显示最后过程中附加或者分立共享内存段的进程 ID
因为，通过在每一个活着的实例中执行查询，你会涉及到属于各自实例的共享内存段，
但是未涉及的共享内存段将变成孤立的一个
5. After identifying the orphaned shared memory segments, you can find
the orphaned semaphores by locating the semaphores with the same
value of CTIME in "ipcs -a" output as the value of CTIME for the
orphaned shared memory segments: CTIME shows the time when the
associated entry was created or changed.
在识别孤立的共享内存段后，可以通过ipcs -a的输出确定具有相同CTIME值的信号找到孤立的共享内存段
作为相关孤立共享内存段的值
NOTE: This step may not be necessary on the platforms implementing
post-wait kernel extension (AT&T Unix, AIX), when semaphores
are not used by Oracle at all.更多相关内容：
解决oracle数据库ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first的方法
ORA-00904:"WM_CONCAT":标识符无效
