前言
基本上后台管理系统都需要有多页签的功能，但是因为一些脚手架项目基本都把这个功能给集成好了，导致在学习或者修改的时候不知道该如何下手。今天这篇文章就来聊一聊，vue-element-admin项目是如何实现多页签功能的。
一、效果图
实现之后的效果如下图所示，点击左边的不同的菜单会打开多个页签，并且右键页签可以操作关闭页签。
二、实现思路
利用Vue的内置组件keepalive和routeLink解决，数据是通过vuex进行管理。
1. 新建 tags-view.js
在…\store\modules文件夹下新建一个tags-view.js，里面定义相关标签新建、关闭的操作方法，代码如下（示例）：
const state = {
// 用户访问过的页面 就是标签栏导航显示的一个个 tag 数组集合
visitedViews: [],
// 实际 keep-alive 的路由。可以在配置路由的时候通过 meta.noCache 来设置是否需要缓存这个路由 默认都缓存。
cachedViews: []
}
const mutations = {
// 添加标签
ADD_VISITED_VIEW: (state, view) => {
// 如果标签跳转的路由存在就不添加，否则就添加进标签组
if (state.visitedViews.some(v => v.path === view.path)) return
state.visitedViews.push(
Object.assign({}, view, {
title: view.meta.title || 'no-name'
})
)
},
// 添加缓存标签
ADD_CACHED_VIEW: (state, view) => {
// 已存在缓存就不缓存了
if (state.cachedViews.includes(view.name)) return
if (view.meta && !view.meta.noCache) {
state.cachedViews.push(view.name)
}
},
// 删除选择的标签
DEL_VISITED_VIEW: (state, view) => {
for (const [i, v] of state.visitedViews.entries()) {
if (v.path === view.path) {
state.visitedViews.splice(i, 1)
break
}
}
},
// 删除缓存标签
DEL_CACHED_VIEW: (state, view) => {
const index = state.cachedViews.indexOf(view.name)
index > -1 && state.cachedViews.splice(index, 1)
},
// 删除其它标签
DEL_OTHERS_VISITED_VIEWS: (state, view) => {
state.visitedViews = state.visitedViews.filter(v => {
return v.meta.affix || v.path === view.path
})
},
// 删除其它缓存标签
DEL_OTHERS_CACHED_VIEWS: (state, view) => {
const index = state.cachedViews.indexOf(view.name)
if (index > -1) {
state.cachedViews = state.cachedViews.slice(index, index + 1)
} else {
state.cachedViews = []
}
},
// 删除所有标签
DEL_ALL_VISITED_VIEWS: state => {
// 过滤出固定的标签，只保留固定标签
const affixTags = state.visitedViews.filter(tag => tag.meta.affix)
state.visitedViews = affixTags
},
// 删除所有缓存标签
DEL_ALL_CACHED_VIEWS: state => {
state.cachedViews = []
},
UPDATE_VISITED_VIEW: (state, view) => {
for (let v of state.visitedViews) {
if (v.path === view.path) {
v = Object.assign(v, view)
break
}
}
},
// 删除右侧标签
DEL_RIGHT_VIEWS: (state, view) => {
const index = state.visitedViews.findIndex(v => v.path === view.path)
if (index === -1) {
return
}
state.visitedViews = state.visitedViews.filter((item, idx) => {
if (idx <= index || (item.meta && item.meta.affix)) {
return true
}
const i = state.cachedViews.indexOf(item.name)
if (i > -1) {
state.cachedViews.splice(i, 1)
}
return false
})
},
// 删除左侧标签
DEL_LEFT_VIEWS: (state, view) => {
const index = state.visitedViews.findIndex(v => v.path === view.path)
if (index === -1) {
return
}
state.visitedViews = state.visitedViews.filter((item, idx) => {
if (idx >= index || (item.meta && item.meta.affix)) {
return true
}
const i = state.cachedViews.indexOf(item.name)
if (i > -1) {
state.cachedViews.splice(i, 1)
}
return false
})
}
}
const actions = {
// 新增当前路由标签和标签缓存
addView({ dispatch }, view) {
dispatch('addVisitedView', view)
dispatch('addCachedView', view)
},
// 新增当前路由标签
addVisitedView({ commit }, view) {
commit('ADD_VISITED_VIEW', view)
},
// 新增当前路由标签缓存
addCachedView({ commit }, view) {
commit('ADD_CACHED_VIEW', view)
},
// 删除当前路由标签和标签缓存
delView({ dispatch, state }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
dispatch('delVisitedView', view)
dispatch('delCachedView', view)
resolve({
visitedViews: [...state.visitedViews],
cachedViews: [...state.cachedViews]
})
})
},
// 删除当前路由标签
delVisitedView({ commit, state }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
commit('DEL_VISITED_VIEW', view)
resolve([...state.visitedViews])
})
},
// 删除当前路由标签缓存
delCachedView({ commit, state }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
commit('DEL_CACHED_VIEW', view)
resolve([...state.cachedViews])
})
},
// 删除其他路由标签和标签缓存
delOthersViews({ dispatch, state }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
dispatch('delOthersVisitedViews', view)
dispatch('delOthersCachedViews', view)
resolve({
visitedViews: [...state.visitedViews],
cachedViews: [...state.cachedViews]
})
})
},
// 删除其他路由标签
delOthersVisitedViews({ commit, state }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
commit('DEL_OTHERS_VISITED_VIEWS', view)
resolve([...state.visitedViews])
})
},
// 删除其他路由标签缓存
delOthersCachedViews({ commit, state }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
commit('DEL_OTHERS_CACHED_VIEWS', view)
resolve([...state.cachedViews])
})
},
// 删除所有路由标签和标签缓存
delAllViews({ dispatch, state }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
dispatch('delAllVisitedViews', view)
dispatch('delAllCachedViews', view)
resolve({
visitedViews: [...state.visitedViews],
cachedViews: [...state.cachedViews]
})
})
},
// 删除所有路由标签
delAllVisitedViews({ commit, state }) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
commit('DEL_ALL_VISITED_VIEWS')
resolve([...state.visitedViews])
})
},
// 删除所有路由标签缓存
delAllCachedViews({ commit, state }) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
commit('DEL_ALL_CACHED_VIEWS')
resolve([...state.cachedViews])
})
},
updateVisitedView({ commit }, view) {
commit('UPDATE_VISITED_VIEW', view)
},
// 删除右侧路由标签缓存
delRightTags({ commit }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
commit('DEL_RIGHT_VIEWS', view)
resolve([...state.visitedViews])
})
},
// 删除左侧路由标签缓存
delLeftTags({ commit }, view) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
commit('DEL_LEFT_VIEWS', view)
resolve([...state.visitedViews])
})
},
}
export default {
namespaced: true,
state,
mutations,
actions
}
2. 在Vuex里面引入 tags-view.js
在store 目录下 index.js 文件修改，代码如下（示例）：
import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
...
// 新加
import tagsView from './modules/tags-view'
Vue.use(Vuex)
const store = new Vuex.Store({
modules: {
...
// 新加
tagsView
},
getters
})
export default store3. 新建 tabsView 组件
在 layout/components 目录下新建目录 TabsView，在该目录下新建 index.vue 文件，代码如下（示例）：
<template>
<div id="tags-view-container" class="tags-view-container">
<!-- 路由标签显示区域（滚动）组件 -->
<scroll-pane ref="scrollPane" class="tags-view-wrapper" @scroll="handleScroll">
<router-link
v-for="tag in visitedViews"
ref="tag"
:key="tag.path"
:class="isActive(tag)?'active':''"
:to="{ path: tag.path, query: tag.query, fullPath: tag.fullPath }"
tag="span"
class="tags-view-item"
:style="activeStyle(tag)"
@click.middle.native="!isAffix(tag)?closeSelectedTag(tag):''"
@contextmenu.prevent.native="openMenu(tag,$event)"
>
{{ tag.title }}
<!-- 这个地方一定要click加个stop阻止，不然会因为事件冒泡一直触发父元素的点击事件，无法跳转另一个路由 -->
<span v-if="!isAffix(tag)" class="el-icon-close" @click.prevent.stop="closeSelectedTag(tag)" />
</router-link>
</scroll-pane>
<ul v-show="visible" :style="{left:left+'px',top:top+'px'}" class="contextmenu">
<li @click="refreshSelectedTag(selectedTag)"><i class="el-icon-refresh-right"></i> 刷新页面</li>
<li v-if="!isAffix(selectedTag)" @click="closeSelectedTag(selectedTag)"><i class="el-icon-close"></i> 关闭当前</li>
<li @click="closeOthersTags"><i class="el-icon-circle-close"></i> 关闭其他</li>
<li v-if="!isFirstView()" @click="closeLeftTags"><i class="el-icon-back"></i> 关闭左侧</li>
<li v-if="!isLastView()" @click="closeRightTags"><i class="el-icon-right"></i> 关闭右侧</li>
<li @click="closeAllTags(selectedTag)"><i class="el-icon-circle-close"></i> 全部关闭</li>
</ul>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import ScrollPane from './ScrollPane'
import path from 'path'
export default {
components: { ScrollPane },
data() {
return {
// 右键菜单隐藏对应布尔值
visible: false,
//右键菜单对应位置
top: 0,
left: 0,
// 选择的标签
selectedTag: {},
// 固钉标签，不可删除
affixTags: []
}
},
// 计算属性
computed: {
visitedViews() {
return this.$store.state.tagsView.visitedViews
},
routes() {
return this.$store.state.permission.routes
},
},
// 监听
watch: {
// 监听路由变化
$route() {
this.addTags()
this.moveToCurrentTag()
},
//监听右键菜单的值是否为true，如果是就创建全局监听点击事件，触发closeMenu事件隐藏菜单，如果是false就删除监听
visible(value) {
if (value) {
document.body.addEventListener('click', this.closeMenu)
} else {
document.body.removeEventListener('click', this.closeMenu)
}
}
},
// 页面渲染后初始化
mounted() {
this.initTags()
this.addTags()
},
methods: {
isActive(route) {
return route.path === this.$route.path
},
activeStyle(tag) {
if (!this.isActive(tag)) return {};
return {
"background-color": this.theme,
"border-color": this.theme
};
},
isAffix(tag) {
return tag.meta && tag.meta.affix
},
isFirstView() {
try {
return this.selectedTag.fullPath === this.visitedViews[1].fullPath || this.selectedTag.fullPath === '/index'
} catch (err) {
return false
}
},
isLastView() {
try {
return this.selectedTag.fullPath === this.visitedViews[this.visitedViews.length - 1].fullPath
} catch (err) {
return false
}
},
filterAffixTags(routes, basePath = '/') {
let tags = []
routes.forEach(route => {
if (route.meta && route.meta.affix) {
const tagPath = path.resolve(basePath, route.path)
tags.push({
fullPath: tagPath,
path: tagPath,
name: route.name,
meta: { ...route.meta }
})
}
if (route.children) {
const tempTags = this.filterAffixTags(route.children, route.path)
if (tempTags.length >= 1) {
tags = [...tags, ...tempTags]
}
}
})
return tags
},
initTags() {
const affixTags = this.affixTags = this.filterAffixTags(this.routes)
for (const tag of affixTags) {
// Must have tag name
if (tag.name) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/addVisitedView', tag)
}
}
},
addTags() {
const { name } = this.$route
if (name) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/addView', this.$route)
}
return false
},
moveToCurrentTag() {
const tags = this.$refs.tag
this.$nextTick(() => {
for (const tag of tags) {
if (tag.to.path === this.$route.path) {
this.$refs.scrollPane.moveToTarget(tag)
// when query is different then update
if (tag.to.fullPath !== this.$route.fullPath) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/updateVisitedView', this.$route)
}
break
}
}
})
},
refreshSelectedTag(view) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delCachedView', view).then(() => {
const { fullPath } = view
this.$nextTick(() => {
this.$router.replace({
path: '/redirect' + fullPath
})
})
})
},
closeSelectedTag(view) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delView', view).then(({ visitedViews }) => {
if (this.isActive(view)) {
this.toLastView(visitedViews, view)
}
})
},
closeRightTags() {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delRightTags', this.selectedTag).then(visitedViews => {
if (!visitedViews.find(i => i.fullPath === this.$route.fullPath)) {
this.toLastView(visitedViews)
}
})
},
closeLeftTags() {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delLeftTags', this.selectedTag).then(visitedViews => {
if (!visitedViews.find(i => i.fullPath === this.$route.fullPath)) {
this.toLastView(visitedViews)
}
})
},
closeOthersTags() {
this.$router.push(this.selectedTag)
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delOthersViews', this.selectedTag).then(() => {
this.moveToCurrentTag()
})
},
closeAllTags(view) {
this.$store.dispatch('tagsView/delAllViews').then(({ visitedViews }) => {
if (this.affixTags.some(tag => tag.path === this.$route.path)) {
return
}
this.toLastView(visitedViews, view)
})
},
toLastView(visitedViews, view) {
const latestView = visitedViews.slice(-1)[0]
if (latestView) {
this.$router.push(latestView.fullPath)
} else {
// now the default is to redirect to the home page if there is no tags-view,
// you can adjust it according to your needs.
if (view.name === 'Dashboard') {
// to reload home page
this.$router.replace({ path: '/redirect' + view.fullPath })
} else {
this.$router.push('/')
}
}
},
openMenu(tag, e) {
const menuMinWidth = 105
const offsetLeft = this.$el.getBoundingClientRect().left // container margin left
const offsetWidth = this.$el.offsetWidth // container width
const maxLeft = offsetWidth - menuMinWidth // left boundary
const left = e.clientX - offsetLeft + 15 // 15: margin right
if (left > maxLeft) {
this.left = maxLeft
} else {
this.left = left
}
this.top = e.clientY
this.visible = true
this.selectedTag = tag
},
closeMenu() {
this.visible = false
},
handleScroll() {
this.closeMenu()
}
}
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.tags-view-container {
height: 34px;
width: 100%;
background: #fff;
border-bottom: 1px solid #d8dce5;
box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .12), 0 0 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .04);
.tags-view-wrapper {
.tags-view-item {
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
cursor: pointer;
height: 26px;
line-height: 26px;
border: 1px solid #d8dce5;
color: #495060;
background: #fff;
padding: 0 8px;
font-size: 12px;
margin-left: 5px;
margin-top: 4px;
&:first-of-type {
margin-left: 15px;
}
&:last-of-type {
margin-right: 15px;
}
&.active {
background-color: #42b983;
color: #fff;
border-color: #42b983;
&::before {
content: '';
background: #fff;
display: inline-block;
width: 8px;
height: 8px;
border-radius: 50%;
position: relative;
margin-right: 2px;
}
}
}
}
.contextmenu {
margin: 0;
background: #fff;
z-index: 3000;
position: absolute;
list-style-type: none;
padding: 5px 0;
border-radius: 4px;
font-size: 12px;
font-weight: 400;
color: #333;
box-shadow: 2px 2px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .3);
li {
margin: 0;
padding: 7px 16px;
cursor: pointer;
&:hover {
background: #eee;
}
}
}
}
</style>
<style lang="scss">
//reset element css of el-icon-close
.tags-view-wrapper {
.tags-view-item {
.el-icon-close {
width: 16px;
height: 16px;
vertical-align: 2px;
border-radius: 50%;
text-align: center;
transition: all .3s cubic-bezier(.645, .045, .355, 1);
transform-origin: 100% 50%;
&:before {
transform: scale(.6);
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: -3px;
}
&:hover {
background-color: #b4bccc;
color: #fff;
}
}
}
}
</style>
4. 新建 ScrollPane 组件
这个组件主要是控制路由标签长度超出时左右按钮的滚动功能。 在 TabsView 目录下，新建 ScrollPane.vue 文件，代码如下（示例）：
<template>
<el-scrollbar ref="scrollContainer" :vertical="false" class="scroll-container" @wheel.native.prevent="handleScroll">
<slot />
</el-scrollbar>
</template>
<script>
const tagAndTagSpacing = 4 // tagAndTagSpacing
export default {
name: 'ScrollPane',
data() {
return {
left: 0
}
},
computed: {
scrollWrapper() {
return this.$refs.scrollContainer.$refs.wrap
}
},
mounted() {
this.scrollWrapper.addEventListener('scroll', this.emitScroll, true)
},
beforeDestroy() {
this.scrollWrapper.removeEventListener('scroll', this.emitScroll)
},
methods: {
handleScroll(e) {
const eventDelta = e.wheelDelta || -e.deltaY * 40
const $scrollWrapper = this.scrollWrapper
$scrollWrapper.scrollLeft = $scrollWrapper.scrollLeft + eventDelta / 4
},
emitScroll() {
this.$emit('scroll')
},
moveToTarget(currentTag) {
const $container = this.$refs.scrollContainer.$el
const $containerWidth = $container.offsetWidth
const $scrollWrapper = this.scrollWrapper
const tagList = this.$parent.$refs.tag
let firstTag = null
let lastTag = null
// find first tag and last tag
if (tagList.length > 0) {
firstTag = tagList[0]
lastTag = tagList[tagList.length - 1]
}
if (firstTag === currentTag) {
$scrollWrapper.scrollLeft = 0
} else if (lastTag === currentTag) {
$scrollWrapper.scrollLeft = $scrollWrapper.scrollWidth - $containerWidth
} else {
// find preTag and nextTag
const currentIndex = tagList.findIndex(item => item === currentTag)
const prevTag = tagList[currentIndex - 1]
const nextTag = tagList[currentIndex + 1]
// the tag's offsetLeft after of nextTag
const afterNextTagOffsetLeft = nextTag.$el.offsetLeft + nextTag.$el.offsetWidth + tagAndTagSpacing
// the tag's offsetLeft before of prevTag
const beforePrevTagOffsetLeft = prevTag.$el.offsetLeft - tagAndTagSpacing
if (afterNextTagOffsetLeft > $scrollWrapper.scrollLeft + $containerWidth) {
$scrollWrapper.scrollLeft = afterNextTagOffsetLeft - $containerWidth
} else if (beforePrevTagOffsetLeft < $scrollWrapper.scrollLeft) {
$scrollWrapper.scrollLeft = beforePrevTagOffsetLeft
}
}
}
}
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.scroll-container {
white-space: nowrap;
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
width: 100%;
::v-deep {
.el-scrollbar__bar {
bottom: 0px;
}
.el-scrollbar__wrap {
height: 49px;
}
}
}
</style>
5. 引入 tabsView 组件
修改 layout/components/index.js 文件，引入组件，代码如下（示例）：
export { default as TagsView } from './TagsView/index.vue'
修改 layout/index.vue 文件，使用 tabsView 组件，代码如下（示例）：
<template>
<div :class="classObj" class="app-wrapper">
<div v-if="device==='mobile'&&sidebar.opened" class="drawer-bg" @click="handleClickOutside" />
<!-- 左侧侧边栏菜单 -->
<sidebar class="sidebar-container" />
<div class="main-container">
<div :class="{'fixed-header':fixedHeader}">
<navbar />
<!--多页签导航栏-->
<tags-view v-if="needTagsView" />
</div>
<app-main />
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { Navbar, Sidebar, AppMain, TagsView } from './components'
import ResizeMixin from './mixin/ResizeHandler'
export default {
name: 'Layout',
components: {
Navbar,
Sidebar,
AppMain,
TagsView
},
mixins: [ResizeMixin],
computed: {
needTagsView() {
return true
},
...
},
methods: {
handleClickOutside() {
this.$store.dispatch('app/closeSideBar', { withoutAnimation: false })
}
}
}
</script>
6. 使用 keep-alive 组件，进行页签的缓存
修改 layout/components/AppMain.vue 文件，使用 keep-alive 组件，进行页签的缓存，代码如下（示例）：
<template>
<section class="app-main">
<transition name="fade-transform" mode="out-in">
<keep-alive :include="cachedViews">
<router-view :key="key" />
</keep-alive>
</transition>
</section>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'AppMain',
computed: {
cachedViews() {
return this.$store.state.tagsView.cachedViews
},
key() {
return this.$route.path
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.app-main {
min-height: calc(100vh - 50px);
width: 100%;
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
}
.fixed-header+.app-main {
padding-top: 50px;
}
</style>
<style lang="scss">
// fix css style bug in open el-dialog
.el-popup-parent--hidden {
.fixed-header {
padding-right: 15px;
}
}
</style>
总结
好了，以上就是本篇文章的全部内容了，本文梳理了一下vue-element-admin项目实现多页签功能的整体步骤，若觉得本文对您有帮助的话，还不忘点赞评论关注，支持一波哟~
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