飞天使-k8s基础组件分析-安全

名称空间解释

名字是啥？ 答：集群中每个对象的名称对于该类型的资源都是唯一的。并且每一个对象在整个集群中也有一个唯一的UID.名称空间是啥？ 答：名称空间将集群划分为多个领域什么时候使用？答： 企业中有多人使用时候，可以进行权限管控怎么查看？答：看输出 是false 还是 true kubectl api-resources --namespace=falsekubectl api-resources --namespace=true名称空间和dns的关系？ 答： 创建服务时，它将创建相应的DNS条目，这个条目的形式是..svc.cluster.local上面的namespace-name 是啥就是啥默认的名称空间？答：[root@k8s-01 ~]# kubectl get namespaceNAME              STATUS   AGEdefault           Active   2d10hkube-flannel      Active   2d10hkube-node-lease   Active   2d10hkube-public       Active   2d10hkube-system       Active   2d10h[root@k8s-01 ~]# kubectl get nsNAME              STATUS   AGEdefault           Active   2d10h kube-flannel      Active   2d10hkube-node-lease   Active   2d10hkube-public       Active   2d10h # 保留给集群使用，保持基本使用kube-system       Active   2d10h  #管理相关的组件 kubectl get pod -n kube-system kubectl describe -n kube-system如何新增一个名称空间答：如下命令[root@k8s-01 ~]# kubectl create ns devnamespace/dev created[root@k8s-01 ~]# kubectl  get nsNAME              STATUS   AGEdefault           Active   2d10hdev               Active   6skube-flannel      Active   2d10hkube-node-lease   Active   2d10hkube-public       Active   2d10hkube-system       Active   2d10h[root@k8s-01 ~]# kubectl delete ns dev如何利用json 创建名称空间答:[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl apply -f namespace-dev.json namespace/development created[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl app^C[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl apply -f namespace-prod.json namespace/production created[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl get nsNAME              STATUS   AGEdefault           Active   2d10hdevelopment       Active   17skube-flannel      Active   2d10hkube-node-lease   Active   2d10hkube-public       Active   2d10hkube-system       Active   2d10hproduction        Active   4s[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl get ns --show-labelsNAME              STATUS   AGE     LABELSdefault           Active   2d10h   development       Active   35s     name=developmentkube-flannel      Active   2d10h   k8s-app=flannel,pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=privilegedkube-node-lease   Active   2d10h   kube-public       Active   2d10h   kube-system       Active   2d10h   production        Active   22s     name=production[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# cat namespace-prod.json {  "apiVersion": "v1",  "kind": "Namespace",  "metadata": {    "name": "production",    "labels": {      "name": "production"    }  }}[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# cat namespace-dev.json {  "apiVersion": "v1",  "kind": "Namespace",  "metadata": {    "name": "development",    "labels": {      "name": "development"    }  }}

访问kubernetes API的控制

2. 认证的三种类型基本认证基于证书的验证基于OpenID Connect3. 授权请求如果Bob有以下策略，那么它可以读取projectCaribou名称空间的Pods{  "apiVersion": "abac.authorization.kuberneres.io/vibeta1",  "kind": "Policy",  "spec": {      "user": "bob",      "namespace": "projectCaribou",      "resource": "pods",      "readonly": true  }}如果Bob发出以下请求，则请求将被授权，因为它可以读取projecctCaribou名称空间的对象。准入控制(有这块功能，使用场景少)允许控制模块是可以修改或拒绝请求的软件模块。除了授权模块可用的属性之外 ，允许控制模块还可以访问正在创建或更新的对象的内容。

RBAC的介绍

为了充分理解RBAC的思想，我们必须理解它包含的三个要素：SubjectResourcesVerbs人，资源，对资源有啥控制权限方向理解verbs 有普通的角色和集群的角色

kubeconfig

Kubeconfig文件记录如何进行身份验证的详细信息。Kubectl使用这个配置文件来确定api服务器在何处及如何向api服务器发出请求。Kubeconfig文件三个顶级结构：用户Cluster属性Context查看授权文件： cat ~/.kube/config 有没有演示案例？答：[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin --username=admin --password=123456User "cluster-admin" set.[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl config set-credentials regular-user --username=user --password=654321User "regular-user" set.[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl config set-cluster cluster1 --server=https://192.168.1.1Cluster "cluster1" set.[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl config set-cluster cluster2 --server=https://192.168.1.2Cluster "cluster2" set.用户名和集群配置完毕上下文将用户名和密码关联起来[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl config set-context cluster-regular --cluster=cluster2 --user=regular-userContext "cluster-regular" created.[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl config set-context cluster-admin --cluster=cluster1 --user=cluster-adminContext "cluster-admin" modified.查看配置root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl config viewapiVersion: v1clusters:- cluster:    server: https://192.168.1.1  name: cluster1- cluster:    server: https://192.168.1.2  name: cluster2- cluster:    certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED    server: https://192.168.100.30:6443  name: kubernetescontexts:- context:    cluster: cluster1    user: cluster-admin  name: cluster-admin- context:    cluster: cluster2    user: regular-user  name: cluster-regular- context:    cluster: kubernetes    user: kubernetes-admin  name: kubernetes-admin@kubernetescurrent-context: kubernetes-admin@kuberneteskind: Configpreferences: {}users:- name: cluster-admin  user:    password: "123456"    username: admin- name: kubernetes-admin  user:    client-certificate-data: REDACTED    client-key-data: REDACTED- name: regular-user  user:    password: "654321"    username: user切换上下文[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl config use-context cluster-adminSwitched to context "cluster-admin".[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl get pod^C切换到其他的上下文是没有内容的[root@k8s-01 chapter06]# kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetesSwitched to context "kubernetes-admin@kubernetes".如何删除用户？kubectl config unset user.regular-userkubectl config delete-context cluster-admin

用户的创建

此处实验做错了，可以参考,如果后续在大公司，人员多的情况下，在来复盘，小公司一般不需要yum install -y opensslopenssl genrsa -out mike.key 2048openssl req -new -key mike.key -out mike.csr -subj "/CN=mike/O=devs"[root@k8s-01 keys]# openssl x509 -req -in mike.csr -CA /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt -CAkey /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key -CAcreateserial -out mike.crt -days 365Signature oksubject=/CN=mike/O=devsGetting CA Private Key查看集群配置信息 kubectl config view[root@k8s-01 keys]# kubectl config set-cluster mike --certificate-authority=ca.crt --server=https://192.168.100.30:6443Cluster "mike" set.[root@k8s-01 keys]# kubectl config set-credentials mike --client-certificate=mike.crt --client-key=mike.keyUser "mike" set.[root@k8s-01 keys]# kubectl config set-context mike --cluster mike --user mike

集群默认角色

[root@k8s-01 keys]# kubectl describe clusterrole cluster-adminName:         cluster-adminLabels:       kubernetes.io/bootstrapping=rbac-defaultsAnnotations:  rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: truePolicyRule:  Resources  Non-Resource URLs  Resource Names  Verbs  ---------  -----------------  --------------  -----  *.*        []                 []              [*]             [*]                []              [*]验证Mike的权限# kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes# kubectl get all其它的验证方法# kubectl auth can-I get pods –-as mike查看角色# kubectl get roles查看Clusterroles# kubectl get clusterrolesView集群角色# kubectl describe clusterrole viewEdit集群角色# kubectl describe clusterrole editAdmin集群角色# kubectl describe clusterrole admincluster-admin# kubectl describe clusterrole cluster-admin创建角色绑定# kubectl create rolebinding mike --clusterrole view –-user mike --namespace default --save-config# kubectl get rolebindings验证mike权限# kubectl describe rolebinding mike# kubectl --namespace kube-system describe rolebinding mike# kubectl auth can-I get pods –-as mike# kubectl auth can-I get pods --as mike --all-namespaces删除角色绑定# kubectl delete rolebinding mike创建集群所有命名空间查看权限创建集群角色绑定# kubectl create –f crb-view.yml --record --save-config# kubectl describe clusterrolebinding view验证集群角色绑定# kubectl auth can-I get pods –-as mike --all-namespaces 创建指定命名空间管理权限创建角色绑定# kubectl create –f rb-dev.yml --record --save-config验证权限# kubectl --namespace dev auth can-I create deployments --as mike# kubectl –-namespace dev auth can-I delete deployments --as mike# kubectl --namespace dev auth can-I “*”“*” --as mike创建指定名称空间超级管理权限创建角色绑定# kubectl create –f rb-mike.yml --record --save-config测试权限# kubectl –-namespace mike auth can-I \”*” “*” --as mike创建自定义权限 - 创建角色和绑定# kubectl create –f crb-release-manager.yml --record --save-cconfig# kubectl describe clusterrole release-manager测试权限# kubectl –-namespace default auth can-I “*” pods –-as mike# kubectl –-namespace default auth can-I create deployments –-as mike# kubectl –-namespace  default auth can-I delete deployments –-as mike

给组创建授权

创建一个用户，所属组devs# openssl req –in keys/mike.csr –noout –subject subject=/CN=mike/O=devs创建组绑定# kubectl apply –f groups.yml –-record# kubectl –-namespace dev auth can-I create deployments –-as mike客户端执行# kubectl config use-context mike# kubectl –-namespace dev run new-db –-image mongo:3.3

针对pod配置服务账户

查看默认的服务帐户# kubectl get pods/ - yaml# kubectl get serviceaccounts创建服务帐户# kubectl apply –f <

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