1、把字符串形式的整数或浮点数转化为int或float, 不适用int和float函数
In [57]: str1 = "2468.1357"
In [58]: d1 = {"0":0, "1":1, "2":2, "3":3, "4":4, "5":5, "6":6, "7":7, "8":8, "
...: 9":9}
In [59]: int1, float1 = str1.split(".") #整数就报错了,不够严谨
In [60]: sum1 = 0
In [61]: sum2 = 0
In [62]: for k, v in enumerate(int1):
...: sum1 += d1[v] * 10 ** (len(int1) - k - 1)
...: for i, j in enumerate(float1):
...: sum2 += d1[j] * 10 ** (-(i + 1))
...: print(sum1 + sum2)
...:
2468.1357
#############
In [75]: mapping = {str(x):x for x in range(9)}
In [76]: mapping
Out[76]: {'0': 0, '1': 1, '2': 2, '3': 3, '4': 4, '5': 5, '6': 6, '7': 7, '8': 8}
In [78]: s.partition('.')
Out[78]: ('123', '.', '456')
In [81]: s = "123"
In [82]: s.partition('.')
Out[82]: ('123', '', '')
In [83]: s = "12.3"
In [84]: s.partition('.')
Out[84]: ('12', '.', '3')
In [93]: s = "123.456"
In [94]: i, _, f = s.partition('.')
In [97]: ret = 0
In [98]: for idx, x in enumerate(i[::-1]):
...: ret += mapping[x] * 10 ** idx
...:
In [99]: ret
Out[99]: 123
In [100]: for idx, x in enumerate(f):
...: ret += mapping[x] / 10 ** (idx+1)
...:
In [101]: ret
Out[101]: 123.456 #结果可能会有精度的问题
###先全部当成整数来运算###
In [106]: ret = 0
In [107]: for idx, x in enumerate((i+f)[::-1]):
...: ret += mapping[x] * 10 ** idx
...:
In [108]: ret / 10 ** len(f)
Out[108]: 123.456 #精度损失会少一点
2、移除一个列表中的重复元素,并保持列表原来的顺序
In [33]: l1 = [1, 3, 5, 7, "a", 7, 3, 1, "a", "b", "ab"]
In [34]: l2 = []
In [35]: for i in l1:
...: if i not in l2: #O(n),效率不高
...: l2.append(i)
...: print(l2)
...:
[1, 3, 5, 7, 'a', 'b', 'ab']
###############
In [7]: l1 = [1, 3 ,5, 7, "a", "b", 5, 3, 1, "ab"]
In [8]: s = set()
In [9]: new_lst = []
In [10]: for x in l1:
...: if x not in s: #O(1),空间换时间
...: new_lst.append(x)
...: s.add(x)
...:
In [12]: new_lst
Out[12]: [1, 3, 5, 7, 'a', 'b', 'ab']
3、统计文本中各单词出现的次数
In [170]: str1 = '''Hello world I like Python i like python too he he python i
...: i world'''
In [171]: l1 = str1.split()
In [172]: j = 1
In [173]: d1 = {}
In [174]: for x in l1:
...: if x not in d1: #思路对了
...: d1[x] = j
...: else:
...: d1[x] += 1
...: print(d1)
...: for k in d1:
...: print("The {} count: {}".format(k, d1[k]))
...:
{'i': 3, 'Python': 1, 'I': 1, 'too': 1, 'python': 2, 'like': 2, 'Hello': 1, 'he': 2, 'world': 2}
The i count: 3
The Python count: 1
The I count: 1
The too count: 1
The python count: 2
The like count: 2
The Hello count: 1
The he count: 2
The world count: 2
########################
In [124]: s = "i am very very love python"
In [125]: counter = {}
In [126]: for word in s.split():
...: if word not in counter.keys():
...: counter[word] = 0
...: counter[word] += 1
...: counter
...:
Out[126]: {'am': 1, 'i': 1, 'love': 1, 'python': 1, 'very': 2}
#####更简洁的判断方法##########
counter[word] = counter.get(word, 0)+ 1
4、把1~4000 之间的任意整数转化为罗马数字
罗马数字是阿拉伯数字传入之前使用的一种数码。罗马数字采用七个罗马字母作数字:
Ⅰ(1)、X(10)、C(100)、M(1000)、V(5)、L(50)、D(500)。
记数的方法:
相同的数字连写,所表示的数等于这些数字相加得到的数,如 Ⅲ=3;
小的数字在大的数字的右边,所表示的数等于这些数字相加得到的数,如 Ⅷ=8、Ⅻ=12;
小的数字(限于 Ⅰ、X 和 C)在大的数字的左边,所表示的数等于大数减小数得到的数,如 Ⅳ=4、Ⅸ=9;
在一个数的上面画一条横线,表示这个数增值 1,000 倍,如 =5000。
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