面试官：过滤器和拦截器有什么区别？

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import java.io.IOException;
@Component
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*")
public class TestFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("过滤器：执行 init 方法。");
    }
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest,
                         ServletResponse servletResponse,
                         FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("过滤器：开始执行 doFilter 方法。");
        // 请求放行
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
        System.out.println("过滤器：结束执行 doFilter 方法。");
    }
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("过滤器：执行 destroy 方法。");
    }
}

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@Component
public class TestInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("拦截器：执行 preHandle 方法。");
        return true;
    }
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("拦截器：执行 postHandle 方法。");
    }
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("拦截器：执行 afterCompletion 方法。");
    }
}

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

@Configuration
public class AppConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    // 注入拦截器
    @Autowired
    private TestInterceptor testInterceptor;

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(testInterceptor) // 添加拦截器
                .addPathPatterns("/*"); // 拦截所有地址
    }
}