Matplotlib 是 Python 的绘图库，它能让使用者很轻松地将数据图形化，并且提供多样化的输出格式。
Matplotlib 可以用来绘制各种静态，动态，交互式的图表。
Matplotlib 是一个非常强大的 Python 画图工具，我们可以使用该工具将很多数据通过图表的形式更直观的呈现出来。
Matplotlib 可以绘制线图、散点图、等高线图、条形图、柱状图、3D 图形、甚至是图形动画等等。
下面看下matplotlib 双y轴绘制及合并图例。
1.双y轴绘制 关键函数：twinx()
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rc
rc('mathtext', default='regular')
time = np.arange(10)
temp = np.random.random(10)*30
Swdown = np.random.random(10)*100-10
Rn = np.random.random(10)*100-10
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(time, Swdown, '-', label = 'Swdown')
ax.plot(time, Rn, '-', label = 'Rn')
ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax2.plot(time, temp, '-r', label = 'temp')
ax.legend(loc=0)
ax.grid()
ax.set_xlabel("Time (h)")
ax.set_ylabel(r"Radiation ($MJ\,m^{-2}\,d^{-1}$)")
ax2.set_ylabel(r"Temperature ($^circ$C)")
ax2.set_ylim(0, 35)
ax.set_ylim(-20,100)
ax2.legend(loc=0)
合并图例
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rc
rc('mathtext', default='regular')
time = np.arange(10)
temp = np.random.random(10)*30
Swdown = np.random.random(10)*100-10
Rn = np.random.random(10)*100-10
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
lns1 = ax.plot(time, Swdown, '-', label = 'Swdown')
lns2 = ax.plot(time, Rn, '-', label = 'Rn')
ax2 = ax.twinx()
lns3 = ax2.plot(time, temp, '-r', label = 'temp')
# added these three lines
lns = lns1+lns2+lns3
labs = [l.get_label() for l in lns]
ax.legend(lns, labs, loc=0)
ax.grid()
ax.set_xlabel("Time (h)")
ax.set_ylabel(r"Radiation ($MJ\,m^{-2}\,d^{-1}$)")
ax2.set_ylabel(r"Temperature ($^circ$C)")
ax2.set_ylim(0, 35)
ax.set_ylim(-20,100)
使用Figure.legend()
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.linspace(0,10)
y = np.linspace(0,10)
z = np.sin(x/3)**2*98
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(x,y, '-', label = 'Quantity 1')
ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax2.plot(x,z, '-r', label = 'Quantity 2')
fig.legend(loc=1, bbox_to_anchor=(1,1), bbox_transform=ax.transAxes)
ax.set_xlabel("x [units]")
ax.set_ylabel(r"Quantity 1")
ax2.set_ylabel(r"Quantity 2")
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