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安装显卡驱动
禁用nouveau驱动
sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
在文本最后添加:
blacklist nouveauoptions nouveau modeset=0
然后执行:
sudo update-initramfs -u
重启后,执行以下命令,如果没有屏幕输出,说明禁用nouveau成功:
lsmod | grep nouveau
下载驱动
根据自己显卡的情况下载对应版本的显卡驱动,比如笔者的显卡是rtx2070:
下载完成之后会得到一个安装包,不同版本文件名可能不一样:
nvidia-linux-x86_64-410.93.run
卸载旧驱动
以下操作都需要在命令界面操作,执行以下快捷键进入命令界面,并登录:
ctrl-alt+f1
执行以下命令禁用x-window服务,否则无法安装显卡驱动:
sudo service lightdm stop
执行以下三条命令卸载原有显卡驱动:
sudo apt-get remove --purge nvidia*sudo chmod +x nvidia-linux-x86_64-410.93.runsudo ./nvidia-linux-x86_64-410.93.run --uninstall
安装新驱动
直接执行驱动文件即可安装新驱动,一直默认即可:
sudo ./nvidia-linux-x86_64-410.93.run
执行以下命令启动x-window服务
sudo service lightdm start
最后执行重启命令,重启系统即可:
reboot
注意: 如果系统重启之后出现重复登录的情况,多数情况下都是安装了错误版本的显卡驱动。需要下载对应本身机器安装的显卡版本。
卸载cuda
为什么一开始我就要卸载cuda呢,这是因为笔者是换了显卡rtx2070,原本就安装了cuda 8.0 和 cudnn 7.0.5不能够正常使用,笔者需要安装cuda 10.0 和 cudnn 7.4.2,所以要先卸载原来的cuda。注意以下的命令都是在root用户下操作的。
卸载cuda很简单,一条命令就可以了,主要执行的是cuda自带的卸载脚本,读者要根据自己的cuda版本找到卸载脚本:
sudo /usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin/uninstall_cuda_8.0.pl
卸载之后,还有一些残留的文件夹,之前安装的是cuda 8.0。可以一并删除:
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/cuda-8.0/
这样就算卸载完了cuda。
安装cuda
安装的cuda和cudnn版本:
cuda 10.0
cudnn 7.4.2
接下来的安装步骤都是在root用户下操作的。
下载和安装cuda
我们可以在官网:cuda10下载页面,
下载符合自己系统版本的cuda。页面如下:
下载完成之后,给文件赋予执行权限:
chmod +x cuda_10.0.130_410.48_linux.run
执行安装包,开始安装:
./cuda_10.0.130_410.48_linux.run
开始安装之后,需要阅读说明,可以使用ctrl + c
直接阅读完成,或者使用空格键
慢慢阅读。然后进行配置,我这里说明一下:
(是否同意条款,必须同意才能继续安装)accept/decline/quit: accept(这里不要安装驱动,因为已经安装最新的驱动了,否则可能会安装旧版本的显卡驱动,导致重复登录的情况)install nvidia accelerated graphics driver for linux-x86_64 410.48?(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: ninstall the cuda 10.0 toolkit?(是否安装cuda 10 ,这里必须要安装)(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: yenter toolkit location(安装路径,使用默认,直接回车就行) [ default is /usr/local/cuda-10.0 ]: do you want to install a symbolic link at /usr/local/cuda?(同意创建软链接)(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: yinstall the cuda 10.0 samples?(不用安装测试,本身就有了)(y)es/(n)o/(q)uit: ninstalling the cuda toolkit in /usr/local/cuda-10.0 ...(开始安装)
安装完成之后,可以配置他们的环境变量,在vim ~/.bashrc
的最后加上以下配置信息:
export cuda_home=/usr/local/cuda-10.0export ld_library_path=${cuda_home}/lib64export path=${cuda_home}/bin:${path}
最后使用命令source ~/.bashrc
使它生效。
可以使用命令nvcc -v
查看安装的版本信息:
test@test:~$ nvcc -vnvcc: nvidia (r) cuda compiler drivercopyright (c) 2005-2018 nvidia corporationbuilt on sat_aug_25_21:08:01_cdt_2018cuda compilation tools, release 10.0, v10.0.130
测试安装是否成功
执行以下几条命令:
cd /usr/local/cuda-10.0/samples/1_utilities/devicequerymake./devicequery
正常情况下输出:
./devicequery starting... cuda device query (runtime api) version (cudart static linking)detected 1 cuda capable device(s)device 0: "geforce rtx 2070" cuda driver version / runtime version 10.0 / 10.0 cuda capability major/minor version number: 7.5 total amount of global memory: 7950 mbytes (8335982592 bytes) (36) multiprocessors, ( 64) cuda cores/mp: 2304 cuda cores gpu max clock rate: 1620 mhz (1.62 ghz) memory clock rate: 7001 mhz memory bus width: 256-bit l2 cache size: 4194304 bytes maximum texture dimension size (x,y,z) 1d=(131072), 2d=(131072, 65536), 3d=(16384, 16384, 16384) maximum layered 1d texture size, (num) layers 1d=(32768), 2048 layers maximum layered 2d texture size, (num) layers 2d=(32768, 32768), 2048 layers total amount of constant memory: 65536 bytes total amount of shared memory per block: 49152 bytes total number of registers available per block: 65536 warp size: 32 maximum number of threads per multiprocessor: 1024 maximum number of threads per block: 1024 max dimension size of a thread block (x,y,z): (1024, 1024, 64) max dimension size of a grid size (x,y,z): (2147483647, 65535, 65535) maximum memory pitch: 2147483647 bytes texture alignment: 512 bytes concurrent copy and kernel execution: yes with 3 copy engine(s) run time limit on kernels: yes integrated gpu sharing host memory: no support host page-locked memory mapping: yes alignment requirement for surfaces: yes device has ecc support: disabled device supports unified addressing (uva): yes device supports compute preemption: yes supports cooperative kernel launch: yes supports multidevice co-op kernel launch: yes device pci domain id / bus id / location id: 0 / 1 / 0 compute mode: < default (multiple host threads can use ::cudasetdevice() with device simultaneously) >devicequery, cuda driver = cudart, cuda driver version = 10.0, cuda runtime version = 10.0, numdevs = 1result = pass
下载和安装cudnn
进入到cudnn的下载官网:,然点击download开始选择下载版本,当然在下载之前还有登录,选择版本界面如下,我们选择cudnn library for linux
:
下载之后是一个压缩包,如下:
cudnn-10.0-linux-x64-v7.4.2.24.tgz
然后对它进行解压,命令如下:
tar -zxvf cudnn-10.0-linux-x64-v7.4.2.24.tgz
解压之后可以得到以下文件:
cuda/include/cudnn.hcuda/nvidia_sla_cudnn_support.txtcuda/lib64/libcudnn.socuda/lib64/libcudnn.so.7cuda/lib64/libcudnn.so.7.4.2cuda/lib64/libcudnn_static.a
使用以下两条命令复制这些文件到cuda目录下:
cp cuda/lib64/* /usr/local/cuda-10.0/lib64/cp cuda/include/* /usr/local/cuda-10.0/include/
拷贝完成之后,可以使用以下命令查看cudnn的版本信息:
cat /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn.h | grep cudnn_major -a 2
测试安装结果
到这里就已经完成了cuda 10 和 cudnn 7.4.2 的安装。可以安装对应的pytorch的gpu版本测试是否可以正常使用了。安装如下:
pip3 install https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu100/torch-1.0.0-cp35-cp35m-linux_x86_64.whlpip3 install torchvision
然后使用以下的程序测试安装情况:
import torchimport torch.nn as nnimport torch.nn.functional as fimport torch.optim as optimimport torch.backends.cudnn as cudnnfrom torchvision import datasets, transformsclass net(nn.module): def __init__(self): super(net, self).__init__() self.conv1 = nn.conv2d(1, 10, kernel_size=5) self.conv2 = nn.conv2d(10, 20, kernel_size=5) self.conv2_drop = nn.dropout2d() self.fc1 = nn.linear(320, 50) self.fc2 = nn.linear(50, 10) def forward(self, x): x = f.relu(f.max_pool2d(self.conv1(x), 2)) x = f.relu(f.max_pool2d(self.conv2_drop(self.conv2(x)), 2)) x = x.view(-1, 320) x = f.relu(self.fc1(x)) x = f.dropout(x, training=self.training) x = self.fc2(x) return f.log_softmax(x, dim=1)def train(model, device, train_loader, optimizer, epoch): model.train() for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader): data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device) optimizer.zero_grad() output = model(data) loss = f.nll_loss(output, target) loss.backward() optimizer.step() if batch_idx % 10 == 0: print('train epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\tloss: {:.6f}'.format( epoch, batch_idx * len(data), len(train_loader.dataset), 100. * batch_idx / len(train_loader), loss.item()))def main(): cudnn.benchmark = true torch.manual_seed(1) device = torch.device("cuda") kwargs = {'num_workers': 1, 'pin_memory': true} train_loader = torch.utils.data.dataloader( datasets.mnist('../data', train=true, download=true, transform=transforms.compose([ transforms.totensor(), transforms.normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,)) ])), batch_size=64, shuffle=true, **kwargs) model = net().to(device) optimizer = optim.sgd(model.parameters(), lr=0.01, momentum=0.5) for epoch in range(1, 11): train(model, device, train_loader, optimizer, epoch)if __name__ == '__main__': main()
如果正常输出一下以下信息,证明已经安装成了:
train epoch: 1 [0/60000 (0%)] loss: 2.365850
train epoch: 1 [640/60000 (1%)] loss: 2.305295
train epoch: 1 [1280/60000 (2%)] loss: 2.301407
train epoch: 1 [1920/60000 (3%)] loss: 2.316538
train epoch: 1 [2560/60000 (4%)] loss: 2.255809
train epoch: 1 [3200/60000 (5%)] loss: 2.224511
train epoch: 1 [3840/60000 (6%)] loss: 2.216569
train epoch: 1 [4480/60000 (7%)] loss: 2.181396
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