对于android开发来说自定义View还是一个比较重要的技能,所以在这里写一篇自定义View入门的文章,也是实现一个相对简单的随机产生验证码的功能:
自定义View主要也就分为几步
1.自定义View的属性
2.在我们的自定义的布局中获取自定义属性
3.重写onMesure方法
4.重写onDraw方法
好现在我们就一步一步的来,首先创建我们的View属性
在valuse目录下创建一个attrs.xml的文件,然后:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<attr name="textColor" format="color"/>
<attr name="textContent" format="string"/>
<attr name="textSize" format="dimension"/>
<declare-styleable name="VerificationCodeView">
<attr name="textContent" />
<attr name="textColor" />
<attr name="textSize" />
</declare-styleable>
</resources>
我们总共定义了三个属性,一个是颜色,内容,大小
然后我们去建立我们的自定义类
public class VerificationCodeView extends View {
private String mTitleText;
private int mTextColor;
private int mTextSize;
private Rect mBound;
private Paint mTextPaint;
private Paint mPointPaint;
private Paint mPathPaint;
private ArrayList<PointF> mPoints = new ArrayList<PointF>();
private ArrayList<Path> mPaths = new ArrayList<Path>();
public VerificationCodeView(Context context) {
this(context, null);
}
public VerificationCodeView(Context context, AttributeSet attributeSet) {
this(context, attributeSet, 0);
}
public VerificationCodeView(Context context, AttributeSet attributeSet, int defStyle) {
super(context, attributeSet, defStyle);
TypedArray typedArray = context.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attributeSet, R.styleable.VerificationCodeView, defStyle, 0);
int size = typedArray.getIndexCount();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
int content = typedArray.getIndex(i);
switch (content) {
case R.styleable.VerificationCodeView_textContent:
mTitleText = typedArray.getString(content);
break;
case R.styleable.VerificationCodeView_textColor:
mTextColor = typedArray.getColor(content, Color.BLACK);
break;
case R.styleable.VerificationCodeView_textSize:
// 默认设置为16sp,TypeValue也可以把sp转化为px
mTextSize = typedArray.getDimensionPixelSize(content, (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(
TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP, 16, getResources().getDisplayMetrics()));
break;
}
}
typedArray.recycle();
//设置点击事件变换数字
this.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
mTitleText = randomText();
postInvalidate();
}
});
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
//用来设置要画的布局的大小
if (widthMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
widthSize = (int) (getPaddingLeft() + mBound.width() + getPaddingRight());
}
if (heightMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
heightSize = (int) (getPaddingTop() + mBound.height() + getPaddingBottom());
}
setMeasuredDimension(widthSize, heightSize);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
//生成随机的背景颜色
mTextPaint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
canvas.drawRect(0, 0, getMeasuredWidth(), getMeasuredHeight(), mTextPaint);
//生成随机的文字颜色
mTextPaint.setColor(mTextColor);
//将文字画在布局的中间
canvas.drawText(mTitleText, getWidth() / 2 - mBound.width() / 2, getHeight() / 2 + mBound.height() / 2, mTextPaint);
}
private String randomText() {
Random random = new Random();
Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<Integer>();
while (set.size() < 4) {
int randomInt = random.nextInt(10);
set.add(randomInt);
}
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Integer i : set) {
sb.append("" + i);
}
return sb.toString();
}
}
以上代码就是自定义的类,继承了View他有三个构造方法,我们要获取它的属性,所以一定要走第三个,但是默认是第二个,所以我们要在每一个里面调用第三个,以确保做了初始化工作 注意调用的时候用的是this的构造方法,而不是super
当我们的这个类出来之后,后面的就很简单了
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:verification="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center"
>
<com.example.aotuman.verification.view.VerificationCodeView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:paddingTop="10dp"
android:paddingBottom="10dp"
android:paddingLeft="10dp"
android:paddingRight="10dp"
verification:textContent="3712"
verification:textColor="#ff0000"
verification:textSize="40sp" />
</RelativeLayout>
在布局里面应用它就可以了, xmlns:verification=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto”是必须要的,要不找不到自定义的属性。
好了到这为止就实现了最简单的
接下来我们就是实现绘制一些散点和曲线,修改我们的自定义类的onDraw()方法
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
initData();
Random mRandom = new Random();
//生成随机的背景颜色
mTextPaint.setARGB(255, mRandom.nextInt(200) + 20, mRandom.nextInt(200) + 20, mRandom.nextInt(200) + 20);
canvas.drawRect(0, 0, getMeasuredWidth(), getMeasuredHeight(), mTextPaint);
//生成随机的文字颜色
mTextPaint.setARGB(255, mRandom.nextInt(200) + 20, mRandom.nextInt(200) + 20, mRandom.nextInt(200) + 20);
//将文字画在布局的中间
canvas.drawText(mTitleText, getWidth() / 2 - mBound.width() / 2, getHeight() / 2 + mBound.height() / 2, mTextPaint);
// 产生干扰效果1 -- 干扰点
for (PointF pointF : mPoints) {
mPointPaint.setARGB(255, mRandom.nextInt(200) + 20, mRandom.nextInt(200) + 20, mRandom.nextInt(200) + 20);
canvas.drawPoint(pointF.x, pointF.y, mPointPaint);
}
// 产生干扰效果2 -- 干扰线
for (Path path : mPaths) {
mPathPaint.setARGB(255, mRandom.nextInt(200) + 20, mRandom.nextInt(200) + 20, mRandom.nextInt(200) + 20);
canvas.drawPath(path, mPathPaint);
}
private void initData() {
Random mRandom = new Random();
// 获取控件的宽和高,此时已经测量完成
int mHeight = getHeight();
int mWidth = getWidth();
mPoints.clear();
// 生成干扰点坐标
for (int i = 0; i < 150; i++) {
PointF pointF = new PointF(mRandom.nextInt(mWidth) + 10, mRandom.nextInt(mHeight) + 10);
mPoints.add(pointF);
}
mPaths.clear();
// 生成干扰线坐标
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
Path path = new Path();
int startX = mRandom.nextInt(mWidth / 3) + 10;
int startY = mRandom.nextInt(mHeight / 3) + 10;
int endX = mRandom.nextInt(mWidth / 2) + mWidth / 2 - 10;
int endY = mRandom.nextInt(mHeight / 2) + mHeight / 2 - 10;
path.moveTo(startX, startY);
path.quadTo(Math.abs(endX - startX) / 2, Math.abs(endY - startY) / 2, endX, endY);
mPaths.add(path);
}
}
private void init() {
// 初始化文字画笔
mTextPaint = new Paint();
mTextPaint.setTextSize(mTextSize);
mBound = new Rect();
//获取到的存在mBound里面
mTextPaint.getTextBounds(mTitleText, 0, mTitleText.length(), mBound);
// 初始化干扰点画笔
mPointPaint = new Paint();
mPointPaint.setStrokeWidth(6);
mPointPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND); // 设置断点处为圆形
// 初始化干扰线画笔
mPathPaint = new Paint();
mPathPaint.setStrokeWidth(5);
mPathPaint.setColor(Color.GRAY);
mPathPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE); // 设置画笔为空心
mPathPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND); // 设置断点处为圆形
}
init()方法请自行加在构造方法里面
OK到这为止就完成了,以后我们用到只要移植就可以了,怎么样,也很简单吧