这篇文章主要介绍“Spring bean需要依赖注入的原因是什么”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在Spring bean需要依赖注入的原因是什么问题上存在疑惑,小编查阅了各式资料,整理出简单好用的操作方法,希望对大家解答”Spring bean需要依赖注入的原因是什么”的疑惑有所帮助!接下来,请跟着小编一起来学习吧!
目录
具体步骤:
样例1:
样例2:
Spring单例模式和原型模式
一、单例模式
二、原型模式
思考 为什么需要依赖注入
具体步骤:
创建一个maven项目 spring-day1-constructor
导入依赖
<properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <!--这里是java 版本号--> <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target> <!--这里是方便版本控制--> <spring.version>5.3.1</spring.version> <lombok.version>1.18.20</lombok.version> <junit.version>4.12</junit.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>${lombok.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
工程项目结构
样例1:
创建一个Student类
public class Student { private Long number; private String name; private String school; public void setNumber(Long number) { this.number = number; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setSchool(String school) { this.school = school; } public Student() { } public Student(Long number, String name, String school) { this.number = number; this.name = name; this.school = school; } @Override public String toString() { return "Student{" + "number=" + number + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", school='" + school + '\'' + '}'; }}
写一个配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!--这里是根据构造函数内的顺序往里面注入--> <bean id="s1" class="com.crush.pojo.Student"> <constructor-arg index="0" value="12"/> <constructor-arg index="1" value="wyh"/> <constructor-arg index="2" value="北大"/> </bean> <!--这里是根据构造函数中的 类型来进行注入 --> <bean id="s2" class="com.crush.pojo.Student"> <constructor-arg type="java.lang.Long" value="123"/> <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="crush"/> <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="浙江大学"/> </bean></beans>
测试
@org.junit.Test public void testStudent(){ ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); Student student = applicationContext.getBean("s2", Student.class); System.out.println(student); }
样例2:
创建Teacher类
public class Teacher { private String name; private String school; private List<Student> studentList; private Map<String,String> map; private Set<String> set; public Teacher(String name, String school, List<Student> studentList, Map<String, String> map, Set<String> set) { this.name = name; this.school = school; this.studentList = studentList; this.map = map; this.set = set; } @Override public String toString() { return "Teacher{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", school='" + school + '\'' + ", studentList=" + studentList + ", map=" + map + ", set=" + set + '}'; }}public class Teacher { private String name; private String school; private List<Student> studentList; private Map<String,String> map; private Set<String> set; public Teacher(String name, String school, List<Student> studentList, Map<String, String> map, Set<String> set) { this.name = name; this.school = school; this.studentList = studentList; this.map = map; this.set = set; } @Override public String toString() { return "Teacher{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", school='" + school + '\'' + ", studentList=" + studentList + ", map=" + map + ", set=" + set + '}'; }}
beans.xml
<bean id="teacher" class="com.crush.pojo.Teacher"> <constructor-arg index="0" value="xxx"/> <constructor-arg index="1" value="北京大学"/> <constructor-arg index="2" > <list> <ref bean="s1"/> <ref bean="s2"/> </list> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="3"> <map> <entry key="k1" value="xiaowang"/> </map> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="4"> <set> <value>1</value> <value>2</value> </set> </constructor-arg></bean>
测试
@org.junit.Test public void testTeacher(){ ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); Teacher teacher = applicationContext.getBean("teacher", Teacher.class); System.out.println(teacher); }
Spring单例模式和原型模式
一、单例模式
Spring默认是单例模式的。
以Student的那个样例1 为例。 scope=“singleton” 加上这么一个设置 当然默认也是它。
bean id="s1" class="com.crush.pojo.Student" scope="singleton"> <constructor-arg index="0" value="12"/> <constructor-arg index="1" value="wyh"/> <constructor-arg index="2" value="北大"/></bean>
这个时候我们来进行测试
@org.junit.Test public void testStudent(){ ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); Student student1 = applicationContext.getBean("s1", Student.class); Student student2 = applicationContext.getBean("s1", Student.class); // 并且如果我们对其中一个做了修改 ,其余也会跟着一起被修改 // 可以看到我们只修改了一个 student1.setSchool("梦中的学校"); System.out.println(student1); System.out.println(student2); System.out.println(student1==student2); }
二、原型模式
我们还是以**Student来做例子讲解 **注意:我们把原来设置改成了 scope=“prototype” 也就是原型模式
<!--这里是根据构造函数中的 类型来进行注入 --><bean id="s2" class="com.crush.pojo.Student" scope="prototype"> <constructor-arg type="java.lang.Long" value="123"/> <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="crush"/> <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="浙江大学"/></bean>
接着测试
@org.junit.Test public void testStudent(){ ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); Student student1 = applicationContext.getBean("s2", Student.class); Student student2 = applicationContext.getBean("s2", Student.class); // 并且如果我们对其中一个做了修改 ,其余也会跟着一起被修改 // 可以看到我们只修改了一个 student1.setSchool("梦中的学校"); System.out.println(student1); System.out.println(student2); System.out.println(student1==student2); }
思考 为什么需要依赖注入
为什么我们以前用一个对象 new一下就好了,但用了Spring 之后,反而还需要写
这样一段代码再去获取勒?明明感觉更麻烦啦丫?用这个又有什么样的好处呢?
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");Student student1 = applicationContext.getBean("s2", Student.class);
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