一 SpringSecurity简介
- Web开发中,虽然安全属于非共功能性需求,但也是应用非常重要的一部分。
- 如果开发后期才考虑安全问题,就会有两方面的弊处:
- 一方面,应用存在严重的安全漏洞,无法满足用户需求,可能造成用户隐私数据被攻击者窃取
- 另一方面,应用的基本架构已经确定,要修复安全漏洞,可能需要对系统的架构做出比较重大的调整,会需要更多的开发时间,影响应用的发布进程
- 结论:从应用开发的第一天就要把安全相关的因素考虑进来,并持续在整个应用的开发过程中
- Spring Security是一个功能强大且高度可定制的身份验证和访问控制框架。它实际上是保护基于spring的应用程序的标准Spring Security是一个框架,侧重于为Java应用程序提供身份验证和授权。
- Spring安全性的真正强大之处在于它可以轻松地扩展以满足定制需求
- Spring 是一个非常流行和成功的 Java 应用开发框架。Spring Security 基于 Spring 框架,提供了一套Web 应用安全性的完整解决方案。一般来说,Web 应用的安全性包括用户认证(Authentication)和用户授权(Authorization)两个部分。
- 用户认证指的是验证某个用户是否为系统中的合法主体,也就是说用户能否访问该系统。用户认证一般要求用户提供用户名和密码。系统通过校验用户名和密码来完成认证过程。
- 用户授权指的是验证某个用户是否有权限执行某个操作。在一个系统中,不同用户所具有的权限是不同的。比如对一个文件来说,有的用户只能进行读取,而有的用户可以进行修改。一般来说,系统会为不同的用户分配不同的角色,而每个角色则对应一系列的权限。
- 在用户认证方面,SpringSecurity 框架支持主流的认证方式,包括==HTTP 基本认证、HTTP 表单验证、HTTP 摘要认证、OpenID和LDAP ==等。
- 在用户授权方面,Spring Security 提供了基于角色的访问控制和访问控制列表(Access Control List,ACL),可以对应用中的领域对象进行细粒度的控制。
- Spring Security 是针对Spring项目的安全框架,也是Spring Boot底层安全模块默认的技术选型,可以实现强大的Web安全控制,对于安全控制,仅需要引入 spring-boot-starter-security 模块,进行少量的配置,即可实现强大的安全管理!
- 几个重要的类
- WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter: 自定义Security策略
- AuthenticationManagerBuilder:自定义认证策略
- @EnableWebSecurity:开启WebSecurity模式
- Spring Security的两个主要目标是 “认证” 和 “授权”(访问控制)
- “认证”(Authentication)
- 身份验证是关于验证您的凭据,如用户名/用户ID和密码,以验证您的身份。
- 身份验证通常通过用户名和密码完成,有时与身份验证因素结合使用。
- “授权” (Authorization)
- 授权发生在系统成功验证您的身份后,最终会授予您访问资源(如信息,文件,数据库,资金,位置,几乎任何内容)的完全权限。
二 实战演示
0. 环境 介绍
- jdk 1.8
- Spring Boot 2.0.9.RELEASE
1. 新建一个初始的springboot项目
2. 导入thymeleaf依赖
<!--thymeleaf-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-java8time</artifactId>
</dependency>
3. 导入静态资源
4. 编写controller跳转
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class RouterController {
@RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
public String index() {
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/toLogin")
public String toLogin() {
return "views/login";
}
@RequestMapping("/level1/{id}")
public String level1(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
return "views/level1/"+id;
}
@RequestMapping("/level2/{id}")
public String level2(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
return "views/level2/"+id;
}
@RequestMapping("/level3/{id}")
public String level3(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
return "views/level3/"+id;
}
}
5. 认证和授权
- Spring Security 增加上认证和授权的功能
引入Spring Security模块
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.编写 Spring Security 配置类
参考官网
帮助文档
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
// 开启WebSecurity模式
@EnableWebSecurity //AOP 拦截器
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
//链式编程
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
}
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
// 开启WebSecurity模式
@EnableWebSecurity //AOP 拦截器
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
//链式编程
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
}
3.定制请求的授权规则
//链式编程
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//首页所有人可以访问,功能页面只有对应的人可以访问
//请求授权的规则
http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/level1
@Override //认证 密码编码 PassWordEncoder
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder())
.withUser("yang").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip2","vip3")
.and()
.withUser("root").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1","vip2","vip3")
.and()
.withUser("guest").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1");
}
6. 权限控制和注销
开启自动配置的注销的功能
@EnableWebSecurity //AOP 拦截器
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
//链式编程
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//首页所有人可以访问,功能页面只有对应的人可以访问
//请求授权的规则
http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/level1
@Controller
public class RouterController {
@RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
public String index() {
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/toLogin")
public String toLogin() {
return "views/login";
}
@RequestMapping("/level1/{id}")
public String level1(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
return "views/level1/"+id;
}
@RequestMapping("/level2/{id}")
public String level2(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
return "views/level2/"+id;
}
@RequestMapping("/level3/{id}")
public String level3(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
return "views/level3/"+id;
}
}
3.3 SecurityConfig.java
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
@EnableWebSecurity //AOP 拦截器
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
//链式编程
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//首页所有人可以访问,功能页面只有对应的人可以访问
//请求授权的规则
http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/level1
@Override //认证 密码编码 PassWordEncoder
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder())
.withUser("yang").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip2","vip3")
.and()
.withUser("root").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1","vip2","vip3")
.and()
.withUser("guest").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1");
}
}
3.4 login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>登录</title>
<!--semantic-ui-->
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<!--主容器-->
<div class="ui container">
<div class="ui segment">
<div style="text-align: center">
<h1 class="header">登录</h1>
</div>
<div class="ui placeholder segment">
<div class="ui column very relaxed stackable grid">
<div class="column">
<div class="ui form">
<form th:action="@{/login}" method="post">
<div class="field">
<label>Username</label>
<div class="ui left icon input">
<input type="text" placeholder="Username" name="username">
<i class="user icon"></i>
</div>
</div>
<div class="field">
<label>Password</label>
<div class="ui left icon input">
<input type="password" name="password">
<i class="lock icon"></i>
</div>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="remember"> 记住我
</div>
<input type="submit" class="ui blue submit button"/>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center">
<div class="ui label">
</i>注册
</div>
<br><br>
<small>blog.kuangstudy.com</small>
</div>
<div class="ui segment" style="text-align: center">
<h3>Spring Security Study</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/semantic.min.js}"></script>
</body>
</html>
3.5 index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>首页</title>
<!--semantic-ui-->
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet">
<link th:href="@{/qinjiang/css/qinstyle.css}" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<!--主容器-->
<div class="ui container">
<div class="ui segment" id="index-header-nav" th:fragment="nav-menu">
<div class="ui secondary menu">
<a class="item" th:href="@{/index}" rel="external nofollow" >首页</a>
<!--登录注销-->
<div class="right menu">
<!--如果未登录-->
<div sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated()">
<a class="item" th:href="@{/toLogin}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
<i class="address card icon"></i> 登录
</a>
</div>
<!--如果登陆了:用户名、注销-->
<!--当登录、用户名、退出同时出现,是spring版本太高了,降至2.0.9/7 就能正常了-->
<div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
<a class="item" >
用户名:<span sec:authentication="name"></span>
</a>
</div>
<div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
<a class="item" th:href="@{/logout}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >
<i class="sign-out icon"></i> 注销
</a>
</div>
<!--已登录
<a th:href="@{/usr/toUserCenter}" rel="external nofollow" >
<i class="address card icon"></i> admin
</a>
-->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ui segment" style="text-align: center">
<h3>Spring Security Study</h3>
</div>
<div>
<br>
<div class="ui three column stackable grid">
<div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip1')">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 1</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/1}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/2}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/3}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip2')">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 2</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/1}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/2}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/3}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip3')">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 3</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/1}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/2}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/3}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/semantic.min.js}"></script>
</body>
</html>
3.6 效果展示
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