这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关C语言链表有什么用,小编觉得挺实用的,因此分享给大家做个参考,希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。
链表的概念及结构
概念
链表是一种物理存储结构上非连续、非顺序的存储结构,数据元素的逻辑顺序是通过链表中的指针链接次序实现的 。
结构
代码
struct Slist{int* a;struct Slist* next;};
逻辑结构:
物理结构:
注意:
从上图可以看出,链式结构在逻辑上是连续的,但是在物理上是不一定是连续的。
这些结点一般是从堆上申请出来的。
从堆上申请的空间,是按照一定的策划来分配的,两次申请的空间可能连续,大概率是不连续的。
链表的分类
实际中链表的结构非常多样,以下情况组合起来就有8种链表结构:
单向或者双向
①单向
②双向
带头或者不带头
①带头
②不带头
循环或者非循环
①循环
②非循环
虽然有这么多种结构的链表,但是我们实际中最常用的只有两种结构:
1. 无头单向非循环链表
带头双向循环链表
无头单向非循环链表:结构简单,一般不会单独用来存数据。实际中更多是作为其他数据结构的子结构,如哈希桶、图的邻接表等等。另外这种结构在笔试面试中出现很多。
带头双向循环链表:结构最复杂,一般用在单独存储数据。实际中使用的链表数据结构,都是带头双向循环链表。另外这个结构虽然结构复杂,但是使用代码实现以后会发现结构会带来很多优势,实现反而简单了,后面我们代码实现了就知道了。
单链表的实现(无头)
单链表结构
typedef int SLTDateType;typedef struct SListNode{SLTDateType data;struct SListNode* next;}SListNode;
单链表需要的功能
// 动态申请一个节点SListNode* BuySListNode(SLTDateType x);// 单链表打印void SListPrint(SListNode* plist);// 单链表尾插void SListPushBack(SListNode** pplist, SLTDateType x);// 单链表的头插void SListPushFront(SListNode** pplist, SLTDateType x);// 单链表的尾删void SListPopBack(SListNode** pplist);// 单链表头删void SListPopFront(SListNode** pplist);// 单链表查找SListNode* SListFind(SListNode* plist, SLTDateType x);// 单链表在pos位置之后插入x// 分析思考为什么不在pos位置之前插入?void SListInsertAfter(SListNode* pos, SLTDateType x);// 单链表删除pos位置之后的值// 分析思考为什么不删除pos位置?void SListEraseAfter(SListNode* pos);// 单链表的销毁void SListDestory(SListNode** pplist);
功能实现
SListNode* BuySListNode(SLTDateType x){SListNode* newnode = (SListNode*)malloc(sizeof(SListNode));if (newnode == NULL){exit(-1);}newnode->data = x;return newnode;}void SListPrint(SListNode* plist){if (plist == NULL){printf("NULL\n");return;}else{while (plist){printf("%d->", plist->data);plist = plist->next;}printf("NULL\n");}}void SListPushBack(SListNode** pplist, SLTDateType x){SListNode* tail = *pplist;SListNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x);newnode->next = NULL;if (tail == NULL){*pplist = newnode;}else{while (tail->next){tail = tail->next;}tail->next = newnode;}}void SListPushFront(SListNode** pplist, SLTDateType x){SListNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x);newnode->next = *pplist;*pplist = newnode;}void SListPopBack(SListNode** pplist){assert(*pplist);SListNode* tail = *pplist;SListNode* Pretail = NULL;if (tail->next == NULL){*pplist = NULL;return;}else{while (tail->next){Pretail = tail;tail = tail->next;}free(tail);tail = NULL;Pretail->next = NULL;}}void SListPopFront(SListNode** pplist){assert(*pplist);SListNode* front = *pplist;*pplist = front->next;free(front);front = NULL;}SListNode* SListFind(SListNode* plist, SLTDateType x){assert(plist);SListNode* pos = plist;while (pos && pos->data != x){pos = pos->next;}return pos;}void SListInsertAfter(SListNode* pos, SLTDateType x){assert(pos);SListNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x);newnode->next = pos->next;pos->next = newnode;}void SListEraseAfter(SListNode* pos){assert(pos);assert(pos->next);SListNode* node = pos->next;pos->next = node->next;free(node);}void SListDestory(SListNode** pplist){SListNode* node = *pplist;SListNode* PreNode = NULL;while (node){PreNode = node->next;free(node);node = PreNode;}}
双向链表的实现
双向链表的结构
SListNode* BuySListNode(SLTDateType x){SListNode* newnode = (SListNode*)malloc(sizeof(SListNode));if (newnode == NULL){exit(-1);}newnode->data = x;return newnode;}void SListPrint(SListNode* plist){if (plist == NULL){printf("NULL\n");return;}else{while (plist){printf("%d->", plist->data);plist = plist->next;}printf("NULL\n");}}void SListPushBack(SListNode** pplist, SLTDateType x){SListNode* tail = *pplist;SListNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x);newnode->next = NULL;if (tail == NULL){*pplist = newnode;}else{while (tail->next){tail = tail->next;}tail->next = newnode;}}void SListPushFront(SListNode** pplist, SLTDateType x){SListNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x);newnode->next = *pplist;*pplist = newnode;}void SListPopBack(SListNode** pplist){assert(*pplist);SListNode* tail = *pplist;SListNode* Pretail = NULL;if (tail->next == NULL){*pplist = NULL;return;}else{while (tail->next){Pretail = tail;tail = tail->next;}free(tail);tail = NULL;Pretail->next = NULL;}}void SListPopFront(SListNode** pplist){assert(*pplist);SListNode* front = *pplist;*pplist = front->next;free(front);front = NULL;}SListNode* SListFind(SListNode* plist, SLTDateType x){assert(plist);SListNode* pos = plist;while (pos && pos->data != x){pos = pos->next;}return pos;}void SListInsertAfter(SListNode* pos, SLTDateType x){assert(pos);SListNode* newnode = BuySListNode(x);newnode->next = pos->next;pos->next = newnode;}void SListEraseAfter(SListNode* pos){assert(pos);assert(pos->next);SListNode* node = pos->next;pos->next = node->next;free(node);}void SListDestory(SListNode** pplist){SListNode* node = *pplist;SListNode* PreNode = NULL;while (node){PreNode = node->next;free(node);node = PreNode;}}
双向链表的功能
//创建链表返回头结点LTNode* ListInit();// 双向链表销毁void ListDestory(LTNode* phead);// 双向链表打印void ListPrint(LTNode* phead);// 双向链表尾插void ListPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDateType x);// 双向链表尾删void ListPopBack(LTNode* phead);// 双向链表头插void ListPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDateType x);// 双向链表头删void ListPopFront(LTNode* phead);// 双向链表查找LTNode* ListFind(LTNode* phead, LTDateType x);// 双向链表在pos的前面进行插入void ListInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDateType x);// 双向链表删除pos位置的节点void ListErase(LTNode* pos);
功能实现
LTNode* ListInit(){//哨兵位头结点LTNode* phead = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));if (phead == NULL){printf("开辟空间失败!!!\n");exit(-1);}phead->next = phead;phead->prev = phead;return phead;}void ListDestory(LTNode* phead){assert(phead);LTNode* cur = phead;LTNode* p = NULL;LTNode* tail = phead->prev;while (cur != tail){p = cur;cur = cur->next;free(p);}free(tail);}void ListPrint(LTNode* phead){assert(phead);LTNode* front = phead->next;while (front != phead){printf("%d ", front->data);front = front->next;}printf("\n");}void ListPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDateType x){assert(phead);LTNode* tail = phead->prev;LTNode* newnode = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));if (newnode == NULL){printf("开辟空间失败!!\n");exit(-1);}newnode->data = x;tail->next = newnode;newnode->prev = tail;newnode->next = phead;phead->prev = newnode;}void ListPopBack(LTNode* phead){assert(phead);assert(phead != phead->next);LTNode* tail = phead->prev;LTNode* TailFront = tail->prev;TailFront->next = phead;phead->prev = TailFront;free(tail);}void ListPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDateType x){assert(phead);LTNode* next = phead->next;LTNode* newnode = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));if (newnode == NULL){printf("开辟空间失败!!\n");exit(-1);}newnode->data = x;phead->next = newnode;newnode->prev = phead;newnode->next = next;next->prev = newnode;}void ListPopFront(LTNode* phead){assert(phead);assert(phead != phead->next);LTNode* head = phead->next;//头结点phead->next = head->next;head->next->prev = phead;free(head);}LTNode* ListFind(LTNode* phead, LTDateType x){assert(phead);LTNode* cur = phead->next;while (cur != phead){if (cur->data == x){return cur;}cur = cur->next;}return NULL;}void ListInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDateType x){assert(pos);LTNode* posPrev = pos->prev;LTNode* newnode = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));if (newnode == NULL){printf("开辟空间失败!!\n");exit(-1);}newnode->data = x;posPrev->next = newnode;newnode->prev = posPrev;newnode->next = pos;pos->prev = newnode;}void ListErase(LTNode* pos){assert(pos);LTNode* posPrev = pos->prev;LTNode* posNext = pos->next;posPrev->next = posNext;posNext->prev = posPrev;free(pos);}
关于“C语言链表有什么用”这篇文章就分享到这里了,希望以上内容可以对大家有一定的帮助,使各位可以学到更多知识,如果觉得文章不错,请把它分享出去让更多的人看到。