MongoDB：在 Java 中使用 MongoDB

除了通过启动 mongo 进程进如 Shell 环境访问数据库外，MongoDB 还提供了其他基于编程语言的访问数据库方法。MongoDB 官方提供了 Java 语言的驱动包，利用这些驱动包可使用多种编程方法来连接并操作 MongoDB 数据库。

想要在 Java 程序中使用 MongoDB，需要确保您的电脑上已经安装了 MongoDB，并搭建好了 Java 的环境。

本篇内容主要介绍：Java 实现对 MongDB 的操作、Java 操作 MongoDB 数据库 Demo

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文章目录

• • 一、Java 实现对 MongDB 的操作
  • • • 1、前提条件
      • 2、添加依赖
  • 二、Java 操作 MongoDB 数据库 Demo
  • • • 1、连接数据库
      • 2、创建集合
      • 3、列出所有集合
      • 4、获取/选择集合
      • 5、插入文档
      • 6、查询文档
      • 7、更新文档
      • 8、删除文档
      • 9、删除集合

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一、Java 实现对 MongDB 的操作

1、前提条件

除了通过启动 mongo 进程进如 Shell 环境访问数据库外，MongoDB 还提供了其他基于编程语言的访问数据库方法。MongoDB 官方提供了 Java 语言的驱动包，利用这些驱动包可使用多种编程方法来连接并操作 MongoDB 数据库。

想要在 Java 程序中使用 MongoDB，需要确保您的电脑上已经安装了 MongoDB，并搭建好了 Java 的环境。

2、添加依赖

在 Maven 中添加以下依赖来使用操作 MongoDB 数据库：

    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.mongodbgroupId>            <artifactId>bsonartifactId>            <version>3.12.11version>        dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.mongodbgroupId>            <artifactId>mongodb-driverartifactId>            <version>3.12.11version>        dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.mongodbgroupId>            <artifactId>mongodb-driver-coreartifactId>            <version>3.12.11version>        dependency>               ...    dependencies>

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二、Java 操作 MongoDB 数据库 Demo

1、连接数据库

package com.lizhengi.demo;import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;import com.mongodb.MongoClient;import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;public class ConnectToMongodb {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // 创建 MongoDB 连接        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);        // 连接到 MongoDB        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());        System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);        // 访问数据库        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());    }}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi

2、创建集合

package com.lizhengi.demo;import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;import com.mongodb.MongoClient;import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;public class CreatingCollection {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // 创建 MongoDB 连接        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);        // 连接到 MongoDB        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());        System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);        // 访问数据库        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());        // 创建集合        database.createCollection("lizhengi_test_3");        System.out.println("create collection successfully!");    }}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi

create collection successfully!

3、列出所有集合

package com.lizhengi.demo;import com.mongodb.MongoClient;import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;import org.bson.Document;public class ListOfCollection {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // 创建 MongoDB 连接        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);        // 连接到 MongoDB        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());        System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);        // 访问数据库        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());        // 检索集合列表        for (String name : database.listCollectionNames()) {            System.out.println(name);        }    }}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi

lizhengi
lizhengi_test_3
lizhengi_test_2

4、获取/选择集合

package com.lizhengi.demo;import com.mongodb.MongoClient;import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;import org.bson.Document;public class SelectingCollection {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // 创建 MongoDB 连接        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);        // 连接到 MongoDB        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());        System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);        // 访问数据库        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());        // 创建集合        MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");        System.out.println("chose collection : " + collection.getNamespace());    }}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi
chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi

5、插入文档

package com.lizhengi.demo;import com.mongodb.MongoClient;import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;import org.bson.Document;public class InsertingDocument {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // 创建 MongoDB 连接        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);        // 连接到 MongoDB        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());        System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);        // 访问数据库        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());        // 检索集合        MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");        System.out.println("chose collection : " + collection.getNamespace());        Document document = new Document("title", "MongoDB")                .append("description", "database")                .append("likes", 200)                .append("url", "https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/")                .append("by", "lizhengi");        // 将文档插入到集合中        collection.insertOne(document);        System.out.println("Document insert successfully!");    }}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi
chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi

Document insert successfully!

6、查询文档

package com.lizhengi.demo;import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;import org.bson.Document;import com.mongodb.MongoClient;import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;public class RetrievingAllDocuments {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // 创建 MongoDB 连接        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);        // 连接到 MongoDB        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());        System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);        // 访问数据库        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());        // 检索集合        MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");        System.out.println("chose collection : " + collection.getNamespace());        // 获取 iterable 对象        FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();        int i = 1;        // 获取迭代器        for (Document document : iterDoc) {            System.out.println(document);            i++;        }    }}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi
chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi

Document{{_id=63b5676adcb7bc291eb5285d, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=200, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi}}
Document{{_id=63b568fa76a0f93c0a6c9f2a, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=200, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi2}}

7、更新文档

package com.lizhengi.demo;import com.mongodb.MongoClient;import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;import com.mongodb.client.model.Updates;import org.bson.Document;public class UpdatingDocuments {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // 创建 MongoDB 连接        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);        // 连接到 MongoDB        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());        System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);        // 访问数据库        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());        // 检索集合        MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");        System.out.println("chose collection : " + collection.getNamespace());        // 更新单个可用 updateOne        collection.updateMany(Filters.eq("title", "MongoDB"), Updates.set("likes", 150));        System.out.println("Document update successfully...");        // 更新后检索文档        // 获取 iterable 对象        FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();        int i = 1;        // 获取迭代器        for (Document document : iterDoc) {            System.out.println(document);            i++;        }    }}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName='lizhengi', source='lizhengi', password=, mechanismProperties=}Connect to database successfully!MongoDatabase info is : lizhengichose collection : lizhengi.lizhengiDocument update successfully...Document{{_id=63b5676adcb7bc291eb5285d, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=150, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi}}Document{{_id=63b568fa76a0f93c0a6c9f2a, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=200, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi2}}

8、删除文档

package com.lizhengi.demo;import com.mongodb.MongoClient;import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;import org.bson.Document;public class DeletingDocuments {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // 创建 MongoDB 连接        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);        // 连接到 MongoDB        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());        System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);        // 访问数据库        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());        // 检索集合        MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");        System.out.println("chose collection : " + collection.getNamespace());        // 删除文档 删除多个可用 deleteMany        collection.deleteOne(Filters.eq("title", "MongoDB"));        System.out.println("Document delete successfully...");        // 删除后检索文档        // 获取 iterable 对象        FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();        int i = 1;        // 获取迭代器        for (Document document : iterDoc) {            System.out.println(document);            i++;        }    }}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi
chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi

Document delete successfully…
Document{{_id=63b568fa76a0f93c0a6c9f2a, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=200, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi2}}

9、删除集合

package com.lizhengi.demo;import com.mongodb.MongoClient;import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;import org.bson.Document;public class DropingCollection {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // 创建 MongoDB 连接        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);        // 连接到 MongoDB        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());        System.out.println("Credentials ::" + credential);        // 访问数据库        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : " + database.getName());        // 检索集合        MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi_test_3");        System.out.println("chose collection : " + collection.getNamespace());        // 删除集合        collection.drop();        System.out.println("drop collection : " + collection.getNamespace());        // 检索集合列表        for (String name : database.listCollectionNames()) {            System.out.println(name);        }    }}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi
chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi_test_3

drop collection : lizhengi.lizhengi_test_3
lizhengi
lizhengi_test_2

来源地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45187434/article/details/128553717