这篇文章主要介绍“怎么用OpenCV绘制图形功能”的相关知识,小编通过实际案例向大家展示操作过程,操作方法简单快捷,实用性强,希望这篇“怎么用OpenCV绘制图形功能”文章能帮助大家解决问题。
1、绘制直线
绘制直线函数是cv::line,函数完整形式如下
void line(InputOutputArray img, Point pt1, Point pt2, const Scalar& color, int thickness = 1, int lineType = LINE_8, int shift = 0);
color可以使用cv::Scalar构造,但是传入参数的顺序是BGR,使用CV_RGB宏更直观,以RGB顺序传入;
lineType取值有LINE_4、LINE_8和LINE_AA,分别表示4连接线,8连接线,抗锯齿线,是以不同的算法产生直线(也可以是FILLED=-1,直接填充);
shift是指点坐标的二进制表示的位偏移,每加1坐标值减一半,实验的结果,不知道理解的对不对,使用默认值0就可以了;
在两个点之间绘制线宽为1的红色直线定义为一个函数
void DrawLine(const cv::Mat& destImg, const cv::Point& pt1, const cv::Point& pt2){ cv::line(destImg, pt1, pt2, CV_RGB(255, 0, 0), 1);}
下面的实例在鼠标两次点击位置中间画一根直线,绘制完成可以按Enter键保存图像。
cv::Mat g_originImage;//原始图像cv::Mat g_editImage;//编辑的图像std::vector<cv::Point> g_editPoints;//正在绘制的图形的点std::vector<std::vector<cv::Point>> g_lines;//所有的线段 void RedrawAllLines(){ g_originImage.copyTo(g_editImage);//恢复背景图像 for (int i = 0; i < g_lines.size(); i++) { if (g_lines[i].size() >= 2) { DrawLine(g_editImage,g_lines[i][0], g_lines[i][1]); } }}void OnDrawLineMouseEvent(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* userdata){ if (event == cv::EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN) { if (g_editPoints.size() > 0) { //在第二个点按下鼠标之后添加到线段列表中,并重绘图像 g_editPoints.push_back(cv::Point(x, y)); g_lines.push_back(g_editPoints); RedrawAllLines(); g_editPoints.clear(); imshow("image", g_editImage); } else { g_editPoints.push_back(cv::Point(x, y));//第一个点 } } else if (event == cv::EVENT_MOUSEMOVE) { if (g_editPoints.size() > 0) { //鼠标移动中,绘制到鼠标位置的直线,但鼠标当前点不加入到g_editPoints中 RedrawAllLines(); DrawLine(g_editImage,g_editPoints[g_editPoints.size() - 1], cv::Point(x, y)); imshow("image", g_editImage); } }} int main(int argc, char **arv){ g_originImage = cv::imread("walkers.jpg"); g_originImage.copyTo(g_editImage); cv::namedWindow("image"); imshow("image", g_editImage); cv::setMouseCallback("image", OnDrawLineMouseEvent); int key = cv::waitKey(0); while (key != 27) { if (key == 13) { cv::imwrite("testsave.png", g_editImage); } key = cv::waitKey(0); } return 0;}
2、绘制圆
绘制圆的函数cv::circle
void circle(InputOutputArray img, Point center, int radius,const Scalar& color, int thickness = 1,int lineType = LINE_8, int shift = 0);
以两个点画一个圆,第一个点为圆心,两点距离为圆半径,定义为一个函数DrawCircle
void DrawCircle(const cv::Mat& destImg, const cv::Point& pt1, const cv::Point& pt2){ cv::Point deltaPt = pt2 - pt1; float radius = cv::sqrt(deltaPt.x*deltaPt.x + deltaPt.y*deltaPt.y); cv::circle(destImg, pt1, radius, CV_RGB(255, 0, 0), 1);}
以下示例实现鼠标点击两次绘制如上的一个圆,main函数与画直线一样,只要将鼠标事件回调改成OnDrawCircleMouseEvent
std::vector<std::vector<cv::Point>> g_circles;//所有的圆 void RedrawAllCircles(){ g_originImage.copyTo(g_editImage);//恢复背景图像 for (int i = 0; i < g_circles.size(); i++) { if (g_circles[i].size() >= 2) { DrawCircle(g_editImage, g_circles[i][0], g_circles[i][1]); } }}void OnDrawCircleMouseEvent(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* userdata){ if (event == cv::EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN) { if (g_editPoints.size() > 0) { g_editPoints.push_back(cv::Point(x, y)); g_circles.push_back(g_editPoints); RedrawAllCircles(); g_editPoints.clear(); imshow("image", g_editImage); } else { g_editPoints.push_back(cv::Point(x, y));//第一个点 } } else if (event == cv::EVENT_MOUSEMOVE) { if (g_editPoints.size() > 0) { RedrawAllCircles(); DrawCircle(g_editImage, g_editPoints[g_editPoints.size() - 1], cv::Point(x, y)); imshow("image", g_editImage); } }}
3、绘制椭圆
绘制椭圆的函数cv::ellipse,有两种形式,其中一个定义如下
void ellipse(InputOutputArray img, const RotatedRect& box, const Scalar& color,int thickness = 1, int lineType = LINE_8);
以两个点组成的矩形内画一个椭圆,定义为函数DrawEllipse,这里不考虑矩形的旋转,固定为0
void DrawEllipse(const cv::Mat& destImg, const cv::Point& pt1, const cv::Point& pt2){ cv::Point2f center = cv::Point2f((pt1.x + pt2.x) / 2.0, (pt1.y + pt2.y) / 2.0); cv::Point2f size = cv::Point2f(cv::abs(pt2.x - pt1.x), cv::abs(pt2.y - pt1.y)); cv::ellipse(destImg,cv::RotatedRect(center, size, 0),CV_RGB(255, 0, 0), 1);}
以下示例实现在鼠标两次点击位置中间画一个椭圆,main函数与画直线一样,将鼠标事件回调改成OnDrawEllipseMouseEvent
std::vector<std::vector<cv::Point>> g_ellipses;//所有的椭圆void RedrawAllEllipses(){ g_originImage.copyTo(g_editImage);//恢复背景图像 for (int i = 0; i < g_ellipses.size(); i++) { if (g_ellipses[i].size() >= 2) { DrawEllipse(g_editImage, g_ellipses[i][0], g_ellipses[i][1]); } }}void OnDrawEllipseMouseEvent(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* userdata){ if (event == cv::EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN) { if (g_editPoints.size() > 0) { g_editPoints.push_back(cv::Point(x, y)); g_ellipses.push_back(g_editPoints); RedrawAllEllipses(); g_editPoints.clear(); imshow("image", g_editImage); } else { g_editPoints.push_back(cv::Point(x, y));//第一个点 } } else if (event == cv::EVENT_MOUSEMOVE) { if (g_editPoints.size() > 0) { RedrawAllEllipses(); DrawEllipse(g_editImage, g_editPoints[g_editPoints.size() - 1], cv::Point(x, y)); imshow("image", g_editImage); } }}
4、绘制矩形
绘制矩形的函数cv::rectangle,有两种形式,其中一个定义如下
void rectangle(InputOutputArray img, Rect rec,const Scalar& color, int thickness = 1,int lineType = LINE_8, int shift = 0);
在两个点间画一个矩形,定义为函数DrawRectangle
void DrawRectangle(const cv::Mat& destImg, const cv::Point& pt1, const cv::Point& pt2){ cv::rectangle(destImg, cv::Rect(pt1, pt2), CV_RGB(255, 0, 0), 1);}
以下示例实现在鼠标两次点击位置中间画一个矩形,main函数与画直线一样,将鼠标事件回调改成OnDrawRectangleMouseEvent
std::vector<std::vector<cv::Point>> g_rectangles;//所有的矩形void RedrawAllRectangles(){ g_originImage.copyTo(g_editImage);//恢复背景图像 for (int i = 0; i < g_rectangles.size(); i++) { if (g_rectangles[i].size() >= 2) { DrawRectangle(g_editImage, g_rectangles[i][0], g_rectangles[i][1]); } }}void OnDrawRectangleMouseEvent(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* userdata){ if (event == cv::EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN) { if (g_editPoints.size() > 0) { g_editPoints.push_back(cv::Point(x, y)); g_rectangles.push_back(g_editPoints); RedrawAllRectangles(); g_editPoints.clear(); imshow("image", g_editImage); } else { g_editPoints.push_back(cv::Point(x, y));//第一个点 } } else if (event == cv::EVENT_MOUSEMOVE) { if (g_editPoints.size() > 0) { RedrawAllRectangles(); DrawRectangle(g_editImage, g_editPoints[g_editPoints.size() - 1], cv::Point(x, y)); imshow("image", g_editImage); } }}
5、绘制多边形轮廓
绘制多边形的函数cv::polylines,有两种形式,其中一个定义如下
void polylines(InputOutputArray img, InputArrayOfArrays pts,bool isClosed, const Scalar& color,int thickness = 1, int lineType = LINE_8, int shift = 0 );
这里的pts是一个2维数组,表示多个多边形,以下分别实现绘制多个多边形和单个多边形的函数
void DrawMultiPolys(const cv::Mat& destImg, const std::vector<std::vector<cv::Point>>& points, bool bClose){ cv::polylines(destImg, points, bClose, CV_RGB(255, 0, 0), 1);}void DrawOnePoly(const cv::Mat& destImg, const std::vector<cv::Point>& points,bool bClose){ if (points.size() >= 2) { std::vector<std::vector<cv::Point>> polyPoints; polyPoints.push_back(points); DrawMultiPolys(destImg,polyPoints,bClose); }}
以下示例实现在鼠标多次点击的位置绘制多边形,main函数与画直线一样,将鼠标事件回调改成OnDrawPolyMouseEvent
std::vector<std::vector<cv::Point>> g_polys;//所有的多边形void RedrawAllPolys(){ g_originImage.copyTo(g_editImage);//恢复背景图像 DrawMultiPolys(g_editImage,g_polys,true);}void OnDrawPolyMouseEvent(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* userdata){ if (event == cv::EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN) { if (g_editPoints.size() > 0) { g_editPoints.push_back(cv::Point(x, y)); RedrawAllPolys(); DrawOnePoly(g_editImage, g_editPoints, false);//正在绘制的多边形要单独画,而且不能闭合 imshow("image", g_editImage); } else { g_editPoints.push_back(cv::Point(x, y));//第一个点 } } else if (event == cv::EVENT_MOUSEMOVE) { if (g_editPoints.size() > 0) { RedrawAllPolys(); DrawOnePoly(g_editImage,g_editPoints,false);//正在绘制的多边形要单独画,而且不能闭合 DrawLine(g_editImage, g_editPoints[g_editPoints.size() - 1], cv::Point(x, y));//绘制一根到鼠标位置的直线 imshow("image", g_editImage); } } else if (event == cv::EVENT_RBUTTONDOWN) { //右键按下结束多边形绘制,加入到g_polys g_polys.push_back(g_editPoints); RedrawAllPolys(); g_editPoints.clear(); cv::imshow("image", g_editImage); }}
6、绘制填充多边形
绘制填充多边形函数cv::fillPoly,有两种形式,其中一个定义如下
void fillPoly(InputOutputArray img, InputArrayOfArrays pts,const Scalar& color, int lineType = LINE_8, int shift = 0,Point offset = Point() );
绘制填充多边形与绘制多边形轮廓差不多,只要将polylines换成fillpoly
void DrawMultiPolys(const cv::Mat& destImg, const std::vector<std::vector<cv::Point>>& points){ cv::fillPoly(destImg, points,CV_RGB(255, 0, 0));}void DrawOnePoly(const cv::Mat& destImg, const std::vector<cv::Point>& points){ if (points.size() >= 2) { std::vector<std::vector<cv::Point>> polyPoints; polyPoints.push_back(points); DrawMultiPolys(destImg,polyPoints); }}
如果将上面的所有功能以一定方式组合起来,就可以在图像上绘制多种形状图形并保存了。
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