这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关python如何实现将天气预报可视化,小编觉得挺实用的,因此分享给大家做个参考,希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。
结果展示
其中:
红线代表当天最高气温,蓝线代表最低气温,最高气温点上的标注为当天的天气情况。
如果使夜晚运行程序,则最高气温和最低气温的点会重合,使由爬取数据产生误差导致的。
程序代码
详细请看注释
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-"""# @Time: 2022/1/4 11:02# @Author: 远方的星# @CSDN: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44921056"""import chardetimport requestsfrom lxml import etreefrom fake_useragent import UserAgentimport pandas as pdfrom matplotlib import pyplot as plt# 随机产生请求头ua = UserAgent(verify_ssl=False, path='D:/Pycharm/fake_useragent.json')# 随机切换请求头def random_ua(): headers = { "user-agent": ua.random } return headers# 解析页面def res_text(url): res = requests.get(url=url, headers=random_ua()) res.encoding = chardet.detect(res.content)['encoding'] response = res.text html = etree.HTML(response) return html# 获得未来七天及八到十五天的页面链接def get_url(url): html = res_text(url) url_7 = 'http://www.weather.com.cn/' + html.xpath('//*[@id="someDayNav"]/li[2]/a/@href')[0] url_8_15 = 'http://www.weather.com.cn/' + html.xpath('//*[@id="someDayNav"]/li[3]/a/@href')[0] # print(url_7) # print(url_8_15) return url_7, url_8_15# 获取未来七天的天气情况def get_data_7(url): html = res_text(url) list_s = html.xpath('//*[@id="7d"]/ul/li') # 获取天气数据列表 Date, Weather, Low, High = [], [], [], [] for i in range(len(list_s)): list_date = list_s[i].xpath('./h2/text()')[0] # 获取日期,如:4日(明天) # print(list_data) list_weather = list_s[i].xpath('./p[1]/@title')[0] # 获取天气情况,如:小雨转雨夹雪 # print(list_weather) tem_low = list_s[i].xpath('./p[2]/i/text()') # 获取最低气温 tem_high = list_s[i].xpath('./p[2]/span/text()') # 获取最高气温 if tem_high == []: # 遇到夜晚情况,筛掉当天的最高气温 tem_high = tem_low # 无最高气温时,使最高气温等于最低气温 tem_low = int(tem_low[0].replace('℃', '')) # 将气温数据处理 tem_high = int(tem_high[0].replace('℃', '')) # print(type(tem_high)) Date.append(list_date), Weather.append(list_weather), Low.append(tem_low), High.append(tem_high) excel = pd.DataFrame() # 定义一个二维列表 excel['日期'] = Date excel['天气'] = Weather excel['最低气温'] = Low excel['最高气温'] = High # print(excel) return exceldef get_data_8_15(url): html = res_text(url) list_s = html.xpath('//*[@id="15d"]/ul/li') Date, Weather, Low, High = [], [], [], [] for i in range(len(list_s)): # data_s[0]是日期,如:周二(11日),data_s[1]是天气情况,如:阴转晴,data_s[2]是最低温度,如:/-3℃ data_s = list_s[i].xpath('./span/text()') # print(data_s) date = modify_str(data_s[0]) # 获取日期情况 weather = data_s[1] low = int(data_s[2].replace('/', '').replace('℃', '')) high = int(list_s[i].xpath('./span/em/text()')[0].replace('℃', '')) # print(date, weather, low, high) Date.append(date), Weather.append(weather), Low.append(low), High.append(high) # print(Date, Weather, Low, High) excel = pd.DataFrame() # 定义一个二维列表 excel['日期'] = Date excel['天气'] = Weather excel['最低气温'] = Low excel['最高气温'] = High # print(excel) return excel# 将8-15天日期格式改成与未来7天一致def modify_str(date): date_1 = date.split('(') date_2 = date_1[1].replace(')', '') date_result = date_2 + '(' + date_1[0] + ')' return date_result# 实现数据可视化def get_image(date, weather, high, low): # 用来正常显示中文标签 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示负号 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 根据数据绘制图形 fig = plt.figure(dpi=128, figsize=(10, 6)) ax = fig.add_subplot(111) plt.plot(date, high, c='red', alpha=0.5, marker='*') plt.plot(date, low, c='blue', alpha=0.5, marker='o') # 给图表中两条折线中间的部分上色 plt.fill_between(date, high, low, facecolor='blue', alpha=0.2) # 设置图表格式 plt.title('邳州近15天天气预报', fontsize=24) plt.xlabel('日期', fontsize=12) # 绘制斜的标签,以免重叠 fig.autofmt_xdate() plt.ylabel('气温', fontsize=12) # 参数刻度线设置 plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=10) # 修改刻度 plt.xticks(date[::1]) # 对点进行标注,在最高气温点处标注当天的天气情况 for i in range(15): ax.annotate(weather[i], xy=(date[i], high[i])) # 显示图片 plt.show()def main(): base_url = 'http://www.weather.com.cn/weather1d/101190805.shtml' url_7, url_8_15 = get_url(base_url) data_1 = get_data_7(url_7) data_2 = get_data_8_15(url_8_15) data = pd.concat([data_1, data_2], axis=0, ignore_index=True) # ignore_index=True实现两张表拼接,不保留原索引 get_image(data['日期'], data['天气'], data['最高气温'], data['最低气温'])if __name__ == '__main__': main()
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