这篇文章主要介绍python如何制作的天气预报小工具,文中介绍的非常详细,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完!
一.准备工作
不需要准备。
二.预览
1.启动
启动以后自动定位所在城市,展示定位城市的天气。
2.添加城市
3.展示多个城市天气
添加天气之后能够显示多个城市天气信息。
三.设计流程
1.获取城市天气信息过程
用此流程图展示定位城市信息到获取城市天气信息过程。
四.源代码
1.Weather_Tool-v1.0.py
from tkinter import *from tkinter import ttkfrom PIL import Image,ImageTkfrom tkinter import messageboxfrom Weather_Spider import Weather_Getfrom threading import Threadimport datetimeimport time'''5-11.打开首页定位当前位置获取天气 (ip定位+jieba分词+城市号+城市天气) **5.11实现**2.用户手动选择,查看当前所选城市天气 (Toplevel+Combobox) **已实现**5-141.加入notepad,显示多个城市天气 (notebook Frame) **已实现**2.频繁刷新检测(线程计时10秒) **已实现**3.用户选择主题 (Menu.add_radiobutton()) **已实现**4.一个窗口多个Combobox,怎样处理选择事件**已实现**5-151.右击notebook frame出现“关闭”菜单**已砍掉**2.用户添加了城市后,label出现在了最后的Frame中**未实现**'''imgs=['./img/loading.png']class App: def __init__(self): self.w=Tk() self.w.title('天气预报小工具-v1.0') width=600 height=282 left=(self.w.winfo_screenwidth()-width)/2 top=(self.w.winfo_screenheight()-height)/2 self.w.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d'%(width,height,left,top)) self.w.iconbitmap('biticon.ico') self.w.resizable(False,False) self.cerate_widgets() self.first_launch() self.set_widgets() self.place_widgets() self.thread_it(self.show_local_weather) self.w.mainloop() def cerate_widgets(self): self.note=ttk.Notebook() self.f1=Frame() self.tree=ttk.Treeview(self.f1) self.l1_var=StringVar() self.l1=ttk.Label(self.f1,textvariable=self.l1_var) self.m=Menu(self.w) self.w['menu']=self.m self.s1=Menu(self.m,tearoff=False) self.s2=Menu(self.m,tearoff=False) self.s3=Menu(self.m,tearoff=False) def set_widgets(self): self.location=[] style = ttk.Style(self.w) style.theme_use("default") columns=('rq','tq','flfx','zdqw','zgqw') self.tree.config(show='headings',columns=columns) self.tree.column(columns[0],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=95,width=110) self.tree.column(columns[1],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=60,width=70) self.tree.column(columns[2],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=90,width=100) self.tree.column(columns[3],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=90,width=100) self.tree.column(columns[4],anchor=CENTER,minwidth=90,width=100) self.tree.heading('rq', text='日期') self.tree.heading('tq', text='天气') self.tree.heading('flfx', text='风向风力') self.tree.heading('zdqw', text='最低气温') self.tree.heading('zgqw', text='最高气温') self.m.add_cascade(label='开始',menu=self.s1) self.s1.add_command(label='aaa',command='') self.s1.add_separator() self.s1.add_command(label='退出',command=self.quit_window) self.m.add_cascade(label='操作',menu=self.s2) self.s2.add_command(label='刷新',command=lambda:self.thread_it(self.refresh_weather)) self.s2.add_command(label='添加城市',command=lambda:self.thread_it(self.select_city),state='disable') s2_sub = Menu(self.s2, tearoff=0) self.s2.add_separator() self.s2.add_cascade(label='更换主题',menu=s2_sub) self.m.add_cascade(label='关于',menu=self.s3) self.s3.add_command(label='关于作者',command=lambda :messagebox.showinfo('关于作者','作者很神秘,什么都没留下')) self.tree.tag_configure('evenColor',background='lightblue') self.w.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',self.quit_window) themes=[ 'default','clam', 'alt', 'classic'] self.themevar=StringVar() for i,t in enumerate(themes): s2_sub.add_radiobutton(label=t,variable=self.themevar,command=lambda:self.thread_it(self.change_theme),value=t) self.themevar.set('default') def place_widgets(self): self.note.place(x=0,y=0,width=600,height=282) self.tree.place(x=0,y=0,width=600,height=150) self.l1.place(x=0,y=150,height=85,width=600) def first_launch(self): ''' 第一次启动,展示加载图片提示信息 :return: ''' self.start_time=time.time() paned = PanedWindow(self.w) self.img = imgs img = Image.open(self.img[0]) paned.image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img) self.load_img = Label(self.w, image=paned.image) self.load_lab = Label(self.w, text='Loading...') self.load_img.pack() self.load_lab.pack() def show_local_weather(self): ''' 展示定位天气信息 :return: ''' self.l1_var.set('正在刷新天气......') items = self.tree.get_children() for item in items: self.tree.delete(item) try: city,item=Weather_Get().get_local_weather() self.load_img.destroy() self.load_lab.destroy() self.s2.entryconfig('添加城市', state='normal') self.note.add(self.f1,text=city) i=0 for data in item['recent']: self.tree.insert('', i, values=( data.get('日期'), data.get('天气'), data.get('风力风向'), data.get('最低气温'), data.get('最高气温'))) i+=1 self.l1_var.set(f'今天:{self.show_date()}\n当前所在地区:{city}\n当前气温:{item["now"]}\n感冒指数:{item["ganmao"]}') except TypeError: messagebox.showerror('错误','天气信息加载失败!') self.l1_var.set('天气信息加载失败!') self.s2.entryconfig('添加城市', state='normal') def refresh_weather(self): """ 刷新天气后,10秒内不能点击刷新 :return: """ self.s2.entryconfig('刷新', state='disable') self.show_local_weather() self.thread_it(self.wait_time) def wait_time(self): ''' 线程计时10s,十秒后刷新按钮可点击 :return: ''' time.sleep(10) self.s2.entryconfig('刷新', state='normal') def show_date(self): """ 展示日期信息,便于天气展示 :return: """ date = str(datetime.date.today()) year,month,day=date.split('-') week_day_dict = { 0: '星期一', 1: '星期二', 2: '星期三', 3: '星期四', 4: '星期五', 5: '星期六', 6: '星期日 ', } now=datetime.datetime.now() date_index = now.weekday() return f'{year}年{month}月{day}日 {week_day_dict[date_index]}' def select_city(self): ''' Toplevel让用户选择城市,后台获取城市号 :return: ''' self.t=Toplevel() self.t.resizable(0,0) width=300 height=140 left=(self.t.winfo_screenwidth()-width)/2 top=(self.t.winfo_screenheight()-height)/2 self.t.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d'%(width,height,left,top)) self.t.title('选择城市') self.tl1=ttk.Label(self.t,text='请选择城市:') self.tl1.pack() provinces=Weather_Get().get_provinces() self.tc1=ttk.Combobox(self.t,justify='center',state='readonly',value=provinces) self.tc2=ttk.Combobox(self.t,justify='center',state='readonly') self.tc1.pack() self.tc1.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>',self.show_tc2_value) self.tc2.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>',self.show_tc3_value) self.tc2.pack() self.tc3=ttk.Combobox(self.t,justify='center',state='readonly') self.tc3.pack() self.tb1=ttk.Button(self.t,text='选择',command=lambda :self.thread_it(self.ack_city)) self.tb1.pack(pady=10)#----待完善 def ack_city(self): ''' Toplevel中选择了城市,选择使用notebook中建立Frame展示所选城市信息 :return: ''' cityno=self.get_city_no() weather_item=Weather_Get().get_weather(cityno) location=self.province_name+self.city_name+self.region if location in self.location: messagebox.showwarning('警告','此城市已添加,请勿重复添加!') else: self.location.append(location) self.f2= Frame(takefocus=True) self.note.add(self.f2, text=location) self.tree2 = ttk.Treeview(self.f2) columns = ('rq', 'tq', 'flfx', 'zdqw', 'zgqw') self.tree2.config(show='headings', columns=columns) self.tree2.column(columns[0], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=95, width=110) self.tree2.column(columns[1], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=60, width=70) self.tree2.column(columns[2], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=90, width=100) self.tree2.column(columns[3], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=90, width=100) self.tree2.column(columns[4], anchor=CENTER, minwidth=90, width=100) self.tree2.heading('rq', text='日期') self.tree2.heading('tq', text='天气') self.tree2.heading('flfx', text='风向风力') self.tree2.heading('zdqw', text='最低气温') self.tree2.heading('zgqw', text='最高气温') self.tree2.place(x=0,y=0,width=600,height=150) # label_='label'+str(self.click_no) # label_var='label'+str(self.click_no)+'_var' self.fl1_var=StringVar() self.fl1=ttk.Label(self.f2,textvariable=self.fl1_var) self.fl1.place(x=0,y=150,height=85,width=600) items = self.tree2.get_children() for item in items: self.tree2.delete(item) try: item = weather_item city=location i = 0 for data in item['recent']: self.tree2.insert('', i, values=( data.get('日期'), data.get('天气'), data.get('风力风向'), data.get('最低气温'), data.get('最高气温'))) i += 1 self.fl1_var.set(f'今天:{self.show_date()}\n当前所在地区:{city}\n当前气温:{item["now"]}\n感冒指数:{item["ganmao"]}') except TypeError: messagebox.showerror('错误','天气信息加载失败!') self.fl1_var.set(f'{city}天气信息加载失败!') self.t.destroy() def change_tab(self,*args): pass def show_tc2_value(self,event): ''' 展示"市"级信息 :param event: :return: ''' self.tc2.config(value=[]) self.tc3.config(value=[]) self.province_name=self.tc1.get() cities=Weather_Get().get_cities(self.province_name) self.tc2.config(value=cities) def show_tc3_value(self,event): ''' 展示"区/县"级信息 :param event: :return: ''' self.city_name=self.tc2.get() regions=Weather_Get().get_regions(self.province_name,self.city_name) self.tc3.config(value=regions) def get_city_no(self): """ 根据省、市、区、县 获取城市号 :return: 城市号 """ self.region=self.tc3.get() city_no=Weather_Get().get_city_id_by_add(self.province_name,self.city_name,self.region) return city_no def change_theme(self,): ''' 更换主题 :return: ''' theme=self.themevar.get() style = ttk.Style(self.w) style.theme_use(theme) def quit_window(self): ret=messagebox.askyesno('退出','是否要退出?') if ret: self.w.destroy() def thread_it(self,func,*args): ''' 防止线程冲突 :param func: :param args: :return: ''' t=Thread(target=func,args=args) t.setDaemon(True) t.start()if __name__ == '__main__': a=App()
2.Weather_Spider.py
#coding:utf-8import requestsimport jsonfrom lxml import etreeimport jiebaclass Weather_Get(): def __init__(self): self.base_ip_url='http://ip-api.com/json' self.location_url='https://ip.tool.chinaz.com/' #获取中国国内城市--number接口 self.city_number_url='http://static.2ktq.com/sktq/common/city_China.json' #天气查询接口 self.base_weather_url='http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?citykey={}' self.headers={ 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36', } self.item=self.get_city_item() def request(self,url,headers): """ 请求url,可自定义请求头 :param url: 请求的url :param headers: 自定义的请求头 :return: 网页文本数据 """ s=requests.session() s.keep_alive=False try: r=s.get(url,headers=headers) r.encoding='utf-8' if r.status_code==200: r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding return r.text else: return None except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: return None def get_city(self): """ 通过ip定位到当前城市 :return:所在省市位置信息 """ my_headers={ 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Host': 'ip.tool.chinaz.com', 'sec-ch-ua': '"Google Chrome";v="89", "Chromium";v="89", ";Not A Brand";v="99"', 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36', 'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1' } res = etree.HTML(self.request(self.location_url,headers=my_headers)) location = res.xpath('//div[@class="WhoIpWrap jspu"]//span[@class="Whwtdhalf w30-0 lh34 tl ml80"]/em/text()') #结巴分词好费时间啊 jieba_cut_result = jieba.lcut(''.join(location)) try: #去除首位的国家和网络类型 del jieba_cut_result[0] del jieba_cut_result[-1] item = {} # 如果结果为类似 石家庄裕华 则自动加入市区 if jieba_cut_result[0]!=jieba_cut_result[1]: item['province'] = jieba_cut_result[0] + '市' item['city'] = jieba_cut_result[1] + "区" return item else: # 如果结果为类似 北京北京 则自动加入市 item['province'] = jieba_cut_result[0] + '市' item['city'] = jieba_cut_result[1] + "市" return item except IndexError: return False def get_city_item(self): res =self.request(self.city_number_url,headers=self.headers) item=eval("{'cities':"+res+"}") return item def get_provinces(self): province=[p for p in self.item['cities']] #print(province) return province def get_cities(self,province): cities_=self.item['cities'][province] cities=[city for city in cities_.keys()] return cities def get_regions(self,province,city): regions_=self.item['cities'][province][city] regions=[region for region in regions_.keys()] #print(province,city,regions) return regions def get_city_id_by_add(self,province,city,region=''): if region=='': city_no=self.item['cities'][province][city][city].replace('CN','') else: city_no=self.item['cities'][province][city][region].replace('CN','') return city_no def get_cityid(self,province,city): """ 通过省、市在字典中查找对应的城市号 :param province: 省 :param city: 市 :return: 城市号 """ if province in self.item['cities'].keys(): try: #河北省唐山市唐山市(通常的省市) number=self.item['cities'][province].get(city).get(city).replace('CN','') return number except AttributeError: number=self.item['cities'][province].get(province).get(city).replace('CN','') return number else: print('未检索到关于{}{}的信息!'.format(province,city)) def get_weather(self,number): weather_data = json.loads(self.request(self.base_weather_url.format(number),self.headers)) # pprint.pprint(weather_data) data=weather_data['data'] item={} yesterday={} item_list=[] yesterday['日期']=data['yesterday']['date']+'(昨天)' item['now']=data['wendu']+'℃' item['ganmao']=data['ganmao'] yesterday['天气']=data['yesterday']['type'] yesterday['风力风向']=data['yesterday']['fx']+data['yesterday']['fl'].replace('<![CDATA[','').replace(']]>','') yesterday['最低气温']=data['yesterday']['low'].replace('低温 ','') yesterday['最高气温']=data['yesterday']['high'].replace('高温 ','') item_list.append(yesterday) count=0 for weateher in data['forecast']: item2={} if count==0: date=weateher['date']+'(今天)' elif count==1: date=weateher['date']+'(明天)' elif count==2: date=weateher['date']+'(后天)' else: date=weateher['date']+f'({count-1}天后)' item2['日期']=date item2['天气'] = weateher['type'] item2['风力风向']=weateher['fengxiang']+weateher['fengli'].replace('<![CDATA[','').replace(']]>','') item2['最低气温'] = weateher['low'].replace('低温 ', '') item2['最高气温'] = weateher['high'].replace('高温 ', '') item_list.append(item2) count+=1 item['recent']=item_list return item def get_local_weather(self): item=Weather_Get().get_city() if item: p=item['province'] c=item['city'] number=Weather_Get().get_cityid(p,c) weather=Weather_Get().get_weather(number) return p+c,weather else: return False
python的数据类型有哪些?
python的数据类型:1. 数字类型,包括int(整型)、long(长整型)和float(浮点型)。2.字符串,分别是str类型和unicode类型。3.布尔型,Python布尔类型也是用于逻辑运算,有两个值:True(真)和False(假)。4.列表,列表是Python中使用最频繁的数据类型,集合中可以放任何数据类型。5. 元组,元组用”()”标识,内部元素用逗号隔开。6. 字典,字典是一种键值对的集合。7. 集合,集合是一个无序的、不重复的数据组合。
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